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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population Geography:Population Geography:
Essential QuestionsEssential Questions
• WhereWhere is the world's populationis the world's population
distributed?distributed?
• WhereWhere has the world's populationhas the world's population
increased?increased?
• WhyWhy is population increasing at differentis population increasing at different
rates in different countries?rates in different countries?
• WhyWhy might the world face anmight the world face an
overpopulation problem?overpopulation problem?

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography
• Density refers to the frequency
with which something occurs
• Distribution refers to the
arrangement of a feature in
space

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Population DensityPopulation Density
• a measure of the number of
people per unit area of land
– arithmetic: people per unit area of
land
– physiologic: people supported by
arable land
– agricultural: farmers to amount of
arable land

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World PopulationWorld Population
DensityDensity

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United States DensityUnited States Density

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United States DensityUnited States Density

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Minnesota DensityMinnesota Density

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ChinaChina

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Population DistributionPopulation Distribution
• describes the locations on the
Earth’s surface where people
live
• Australia
• Egypt
• Mexico
• Canada

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BangladeshBangladesh
• Population: 144,000,000
• Area: 144,000 sq miles
• 62% arable land (89,280 sq
miles)
• physiologic density=1612 people
per square mile of arable land

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Montana/United StatesMontana/United States
• Montana Population: 145,000
• Area: 902,195 square miles
• 18% arable land = 162,395 square miles
• Physiologic density = 1119 per square mile
• US Population: 300,000,000
• Area: 3,717,810 square miles
• 19% arable land = 706,383 square miles
• Physiologic density = 424 per square mile

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World PopulationWorld Population
ConcentrationsConcentrations
• East Asia
• South Asia
• Southeast Asia
• Europe
In the three Asian clusters, more than ½ the
world’s population lives on less than 10% of the
world’s land.

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World PopulationWorld Population
ClustersClusters
4
1
3
2

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East AsiaEast Asia
• China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan
– 1/5 the world’s total population
– 5/6 of the region’s population live in
China, mostly river and coastal regions
– 2/3 of people in China live as farmers in
rural areas
– In Japan and Korean Peninsula, ¾+ live
in urban areas and work in industry and
service

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South AsiaSouth Asia
• India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri
Lanka
– 1/5 the world’s population
– most are rural farmers (3/4), not
city dwellers
– centered along Ganges and Indus
river valleys, lowlands and coastal
areas
– restrained by mountains

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Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
• Indonesia, Papua New Guinea,
Philippines
– Island nations in the Pacific
– Around river valleys and deltas

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EuropeEurope
• Britain, Germany, Poland,
Ukraine, Belarus, France, N Italy
– ¾ live in cities
– Less than 20% are farmers
– Highest concentration near coal
fields

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Subordinate RegionsSubordinate Regions
• Eastern US
– Bosnywash, Chicago, Detroit,
Cleveland, California
– In Europe and North America,
cities and towns more densely
populated that rural areas
– Megalopolis

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Subordinate RegionsSubordinate Regions
• Western Africa
– Nigeria most populous African
country

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4
1
3
2

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Population StatsPopulation Stats
• Birth Rate
– number of live births per year per 1000
people in the population
– +30 is high
– highest today in Africa and SW Asia
– lowest in Europe
– inversely related to modernization,
industrialization, urbanization and
economic development
– exception: China
– US: 14/1000

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Population StatsPopulation Stats
• Death Rate
– number of deaths per thousand
people in a given year
– highest in tropical Africa
– lowest in N America, S America,
Europe, Japan, Australia
– high CDR’s tend to reflect high
infant mortality
– US: 8/1000

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Population StatsPopulation Stats
• Natural Increase
– difference between number of births and
deaths during a specific time period
– US: .88%
Natural Increase
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1950-
1955
1955-
1960
1960-
1965
1965-
1970
1970-
1975
1975-
1980
1980-
1985
1985-
1990
1990-
1995
1995-
2000
2000-
2005
Birth rate Death rate

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Population StatsPopulation Stats
• Total Fertility Rate
– the number of children born to women of child
bearing age
– 15-45 ??
– 2.1
Lowest
Fertility Rates
Worldwide
1.17
1.12
0.94
0.84
1.22
1.24
1.24
1.23
1.23
1.20
Belarus
Bulgaria
Republic of Moldova
Republic of Korea
Slovenia
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Ukraine
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
China, Macao Special Administrative Region

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Population StatsPopulation Stats
• Infant Mortality Rate
– the number of children who die
before they reach one year
– US: 6.3/1000

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth
• Linear Growth
– increases in a uniform amount
during a series of equal time
periods

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth
• Exponential Growth
– increases in a compounding
amount over a series of equal time
periods

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth
• Doubling Time
– the time it takes to double a
country’s population
– 70 / NIR = Doubling Time

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Ninth
Eighth
Seventh
Sixth
Fifth
Fourth
Third
Second
First Billion
Number of years to add each billion (year)
All of Human History (1800)
130 (1930)
30 (1960)
15 (1975)
12 (1987)
12 (1999)
14 (2013)
14 (2027)
21 (2048)
Sources: First and second billion: Population Reference Bureau. Third through ninth billion: United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision (medium
scenario), 2005.
World Population Growth, in BillionsWorld Population Growth, in Billions
1st Billion: 1800 years
2nd
Billion: 130 years
4th
Billion: 45 years
8th
Billion: 52 years

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Measuring GrowthMeasuring Growth
• Population Explosion
– refers to the rapid growth of the
world’s population during the last
century accompanied by ever
shorter doubling times and
accelerating rates of increase

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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tml
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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population GeographyPopulation Geography

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Population Center of thePopulation Center of the
USUS