4th International Transportation Systems Performance Measurement Conference

Climate Change and
Sustainable Transit
Performance
Presented by
Cris B. Liban, D.Env., P.E.
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority

May 18, 2011

Metro

Transit Paradox
4th International Transportation Systems Performance

Transit’s Effects on Regional Carbon Footprint
Measurement Conference

APTA, 2010

To reduce emissions from mobile sources, we need higher levels of public
transit and more compact patterns of land use that transit supports.
Metro

Transit’s Impact on GHG Emissions

Mode Shift

Avoided trips
from private

autos

GHG
Emissions Congestion
Relief
GHG Impacts
from of Transit
Transit Improves fuel
efficiency

• Transit vehicles and fuels
• Facilities, stations, and
maintenance yards
• Construction and Compact
maintenance Development
• Nonrevenue vehicle fleets
Fewer auto trips
required
Metro

Metro’s Sustainability Approach

• Increase and expand our system through Measure
R while simultaneously finding ways to significantly
reduce our own carbon footprint

• Integrate sustainability principles in our Planning,
Construction, Operation, and Procurement efforts
• Use Environmental Management System principles
in our operations
PLAN

ACT DO

Metro CHECK
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority 4


ANNUAL SUSTAINABILITY
REPORT AS A TOOL

Metro

Methodology

• Use of the GRI Protocol
• Considered common inputs and outputs
• Energy, Water, Materials<<==>>Emissions, Effluents, Waste

• Considers impacts on biodiversity
• Compared the change in environmental impacts to the
changes in service and ridership
• Efficiency of growth can be estimated
• Normalizing factors
• Boardings
• Revenue Hours

Metro

Sustainability Indicators

Metro

Major Indicator Trends: 2009 to 2011

• Changes in electricity usage based on reassignment of
accounts not magnitude of usage
• Overall water use increased faster than ridership growth

• Overall decrease in Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• 100% CNG Busses
• Further improvements in Ridership, Fuel Use, and Facility
Electricity Use
• Significant decrease in criteria pollutants
• Steady increase of non-hazardous liquid waste
• Attributed to the increase in number of bus washers and
facilities
Metro

Annual Reporting Benefits

• Enables our Board to adopt
informed performance targets

• Provides information necessary
to implement plans to meet
those targets
• Creates a structure that can be
used to regularly monitor
progress
• http://www.metro.net/sustainability

Metro


COST-EFFECTIVENESS AS
CLIMATE CHANGE
REDUCTION STRATEGY

Metro

Why Cost Effectiveness Analysis?

Compare the cost and emissions impacts
of potential transit strategies to further
reduce emissions

Cost effectiveness rated in $ per ton of
emissions reduced
Informs decision making although with
some challenges
Informs Climate Action and Adaptation
Plan

Metro

Cost-Effectiveness Calculation

Metro

Results: Cost Effectiveness

Metro

Results: GHG Reduction Potential

Large GHG Ridesharing/Transit Programs for Employers
Benefit Transit Oriented Development
(> 10,000 Vanpool Subsidy
MtCO2e/year) On-board Railcar Energy Storage

45-foot Composite Buses
Moderate Facility Lighting Efficiency
GHG Benefit $ Metro Employee Transit Subsidy < $14 / ton
(1,000-10,000 $$ Bicycle Paths along Transit Corridors $ $300-900 / ton
MtCO2e/year) $$ Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Buses $$ >$1000 / ton
$$ Wayside Energy Storage Substation
Red Line Tunnel Lighting Retrofit
Hybrid Non-Revenue Cars
Small GHG
Recycled Water for Bus Washing
Benefit
Low Water Sanitary Fixtures
(< 1,000
$ Solar Panels
MtCO2e/year)
$ Bike-to-Transit Commuter Incentives
$$ Hybrid Non-Revenue Light Trucks
Metro

Using Results in Decision Making

Must consider co-benefits of strategies
Transit service
Mobility

Water conservation
Waste reduction
Range of cost effectiveness for some
strategies is too wide to support
decision making
Does make a case for implementation
of cost savings strategies
Metro

“Cost-Effectiveness” as a Strategy?

Largest GHG reduction opportunities are
typically those that reduce VMT
Many of the most cost effective strategies

address GHG emissions from facility energy
use.
Too early to generalize from these results

Metro

Metro’s Role in a Sustainable Region

• Metro’s programs organically create a nexus
among various sustainable elements

• Forging partnerships and finding common-ground
solutions
• Ensures that our operations consider environment,
economy, and society

Metro

Metro’s Recent Sustainability Successes

Reduced priority air pollution per vehicle mile by
more than 74% through the use CNG buses

Increased our renewable energy portfolio by more

than 50% to one of transit’s largest in the nation,
currently about 2MW of renewable energy power

Began to reduce water use by a quarter of a million
gallons per day over five years

About 44% of our generated waste are now recycled

Metro

Continuing Environmental Leadership

Partnerships with Federal, State,
local, non-profits and other 3rd Party
entities

Clean/Green Construction Policy
Energy Efficiency & Renewable
Energy Policy
Climate Action and Adaptation Plan
Energy Conservation and
Management Plan
Metro


Questions

Cris B. Liban, D.Env., P.E.
p: 213/922-2471
e/m: libane@metro.net

For additional information:
www.metro.net/sustainability
213/922-1100
Metro

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