Wherever the art of Medicine is loved, there is also a love of Humanity. - Hippocrates

1. THE PROBLEM
THE PROBLEM
GRAFFITI: VANDALISM OR ART?
GRAFFITI: VANDALISM OR ART?
By Megan Oshiro
By Megan Oshiro
NeoJourno, University of Hawaii
<https://blog.hawaii.edu/neojourno/2011/11/28/graffiti-art-or-vandalism/>
Graffiti is defined as the name for images or lettering scratched, scrawled, painted or
marked in any manner on property, according to Wikipedia. It can be found on buildings,
overpasses, sidewalks and even on bathroom stalls. It has existed since ancient times, dating
back to the glory days of the Greek and Roman Empires. Is it vandalism or is it art? And
where is the line drawn between the two?
Graffiti is not just limited to the walls of the residence halls; it is displayed all over the UH
Mānoa campus, and efforts have been made to clean up the damage and restore the buildings.
In the 2011 Annual Security and Fire Safety Report , the campus crime statistics listed no
reports of vandalism as hate crimes. The annual statistics did not list any other reports of
vandalism. [Emphasis Supplied]
Ka Leo, the UHM campus newspaper, promoted graffiti artwork on campus in celebration of the
Ka Leo Arts Festival, which was held on Oct. 5, 2011. Ka Leo painted its traditional green
newsstands white, attached colorful markers to the stands, and encouraged students to draw on
them. Students loved the idea, and within days, the stands were covered with an array of colorful
illustrations.
“The problem was, inadvertently, we were encouraging graffiti of other sorts, which is not at all
what we had intended,” said Shinichi Toyama, a student at the Academy for Creative Media and
a Ka Leo designer. Students went around tagging the boxes that we wanted people to tag, but
they went on to tag trashcans and benches and all this other stuff.”
Building and Grounds Maintenance staff mistook the drawing-covered stands for vandalism and
kept removing the stands from their locations. They did not want to leave the stands out for fear
that it might encourage more graffiti throughout the campus.
“I think it's vandalism when people just spray paint, and if it's an illegal place, then it's
vandalism. But at the same time, art is subjective,” said Maria Kanai, Associate Features Editor
of Ka Leo. “It's hard because it's a freedom of expression, and I can see how it's unfair that there's
laws about it.”

2. Many consider graffiti a form of art, a medium of expression, a movement in pop culture. In
Hawaii, blogs showcase graffiti around the island.
Toyama also said he believes there is a fine line between graffiti as art and graffiti as vandalism.
Here’s what he has to say: Toyama's thoughts on graffiti.
But whether or not graffiti is considered as an art form, it is illegal to use public walls as a
canvas.
According to Hawaii legislation, graffiti is defined as “any unauthorized drawing, inscription,
figure, or mark of any type intentionally created by paint, ink, chalk, dye, or similar substances.”
The crime can carry up to a $1,000 fine or may be equivalent to actual cost of the damage. But
money isn’t the only due. The law also states that a person found guilty of committing an act of
graffiti must remove the graffiti from the damaged property as well as perform up to 80 hours of
community service removing any other graffiti within 100 yards of the site of the offense.
Graffiti raises concerns not only because it is a form of vandalism, but also because of the
criminal activity that is often linked to it. Gangs will tag areas as a proclamation of their territory,
and if anyone is caught trespassing, they risk suffering the consequences.
______________________________________
2020 ANNUAL SECURITY & FIRE SAFETY REPORT
2020 ANNUAL SECURITY & FIRE SAFETY REPORT
FOR UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA
FOR UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA
JOHN A. BURNS SCHOOL OF
JOHN A. BURNS SCHOOL OF
MEDICINE & UH CANCER
MEDICINE & UH CANCER
https://manoa.hawaii.edu/dps/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2020/12/annual_report.pdf
https://manoa.hawaii.edu/dps/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2020/12/annual_report.pdf
Page 51 [Kaka`ako Campus Units]
Page 51 [Kaka`ako Campus Units]
Hate Crimes
Hate Crimes
There were no hate crimes reported at this campus for the years 2017, 2018, or 2019.
There were no hate crimes reported at this campus for the years 2017, 2018, or 2019.
Unfounded Crimes
Unfounded Crimes
There were no unfounded crimes at this campus for the years 2017, 2018, or 2019
There were no unfounded crimes at this campus for the years 2017, 2018, or 2019
_____________
_____________
Note Supplied: VANDALISM is a Footnote
Note Supplied: VANDALISM is a Footnote
See Page 62
See Page 62
For more information, please refer to the following links:
For more information, please refer to the following links:
• Uniform Crime Reporting Definitions:
• Uniform Crime Reporting Definitions:
https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/about/offense_definitions.html
https://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/about/offense_definitions.html
• FBI Uniform Crime Reporting information:
• FBI Uniform Crime Reporting information:
https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/ucr/
https://www.fbi.gov/services/cjis/ucr/
______________________________________
VERDICT & JUDGMENT: VANDALISM

3. HONOLULU STAR ADVERTISER
HONOLULU STAR ADVERTISER
University of Hawaii medical school's mobile clinic vandalized again; 3rd time in 2021
University of Hawaii medical school's mobile clinic vandalized again; 3rd time in 2021
<
<https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/09/04/breaking-news/vandals-tag-jabsoms-mobile-medical-van-used-to-provide-free-care-to-homeless/
https://www.staradvertiser.com/2021/09/04/breaking-news/vandals-tag-jabsoms-mobile-medical-van-used-to-provide-free-care-to-homeless/>
>
KHON 2
KHON 2
Hawaii med school's mobile health van vandalized again
Hawaii med school's mobile health van vandalized again
<
<https://www.khon2.com/coronavirus/uh-med-schools-mobile-health-van-vandalized-again/
https://www.khon2.com/coronavirus/uh-med-schools-mobile-health-van-vandalized-again/>
>
KITV 4
KITV 4
Medical van at John A. Burns School of Medicine vandalized again
Medical van at John A. Burns School of Medicine vandalized again
<
<https://www.kitv.com/story/44668955/medical-van-at-john-a-burns-school-of-medicine-vandalized-again
https://www.kitv.com/story/44668955/medical-van-at-john-a-burns-school-of-medicine-vandalized-again>
>
KHON 2
KHON 2
Hawaii med school's mobile health van vandalized again
Hawaii med school's mobile health van vandalized again
<
<https://www.khon2.com/coronavirus/uh-med-schools-mobile-health-van-vandalized-again/
https://www.khon2.com/coronavirus/uh-med-schools-mobile-health-van-vandalized-again/>
>
HAWAII NEWS NOW
HAWAII NEWS NOW
Mobile clinic vehicle staffed by JABSOM students targeted again by vandals
Mobile clinic vehicle staffed by JABSOM students targeted again by vandals
<
<https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2021/09/05/mobile-clinic-vehicle-staffed-by-jabsom-students-targeted-again-by-vandals/
https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2021/09/05/mobile-clinic-vehicle-staffed-by-jabsom-students-targeted-again-by-vandals/>
>
______________________________________
SEARCH FOR ROOT OF THE PROBLEM
Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
GRAFFITI
The Problem of Graffiti
Guide No.9 (2002)
By Deborah Lamm Weisel
<https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/graffiti-0>
[Extract]
Factors Contributing to Graffiti
Understanding the factors that contribute to your problem will help you frame your own local
analysis questions, determine good effectiveness measures, recognize key intervention points,
and select appropriate responses.
Types of Graffiti
There are different types of graffiti. The major types include:
Gang graffiti, often used by gangs to mark turf or convey threats of violence, and sometimes
copycat graffiti, which mimics gang graffiti
Tagger graffiti, ranging from high-volume simple hits to complex street art
Conventional graffiti, often isolated or spontaneous acts of “youthful exuberance,” but
sometimes malicious or vindictive

4. Ideological graffiti, such as political or hate graffiti, which conveys political messages or racial,
religious or ethnic slurs.
Related Problems
Graffiti is not an isolated problem. It is often related to other crime and disorder problems,
including:
Public disorder, such as littering, public urination and loitering
Shoplifting of materials needed for graffiti, such as paint and markers
Gangs and gang violence, as gang graffiti conveys threats and identifies turf boundaries
Property destruction, such as broken windows or slashed bus or train seats.
Common Targets and Locations of Graffiti
Graffiti typically is placed on public property, or private property adjacent to public space. It is
commonly found in transportation systems—on inner and outer sides of trains, subways and
buses, and in transit stations and shelters. It is also commonly found on vehicles; walls facing
streets; street, freeway and traffic signs; statues and monuments; and bridges. In addition, it
appears on vending machines, park benches, utility poles, utility boxes, billboards, trees, streets,
sidewalks, parking garages, schools, business and residence walls, garages, fences, and sheds. In
short, graffiti appears almost any place open to public view.
Motives of Offenders
[Citations Omitted]
While making graffiti does not offer material reward to offenders, contrary to public opinion, it
does have meaning. Rather than being a senseless destruction of property, graffiti fulfills certain
psychological needs, including providing excitement and action, a sense of control and an
element of risk. The different types of graffiti are associated with different motives, although
these drives may overlap. Distinguishing between types of graffiti and associated motives is a
critical step for developing an effective response.
Historically, much conventional graffiti has represented a youthful “rite of passage”— part of a
phase of experimental behavior. Such graffiti is usually spontaneous and not malicious in nature;
indeed, spontaneous graffiti has often been characterized as play, adventure or exuberance.
Spontaneous graffiti may reflect local traditions and appear on “fair targets” such as abandoned
buildings or schools. Communities have often tolerated such graffiti.
The motives for some types of conventional graffiti may include anger and hostility toward
society, and the vandalism thus fulfills some personal psychological need. The graffiti may arise
from boredom, despair, resentment, failure, and/or frustration, in which case it may be vindictive
or malicious.
A related type of graffiti is ideological. Ideological graffiti expresses hostility or a grievance—
often quite explicitly. Such graffiti is usually easily identified by its content, reflecting a political,
religious, ethnic, or other bias. Offenders may strategically target certain locations to further the
message.

5. In contrast to conventional and ideological graffiti, the primary motive for gang graffiti is
tactical; the graffiti serves as a public form of communication—to mark turf, convey threats or
boast of achievements.
Some tagger graffiti may involve creative expression, providing a source of great pride in the
creation of complex works of art. Most taggers seek notoriety and recognition of their graffiti—
they attach status to having their work seen. Thus, prolonged visibility due to the sheer volume,
scale and complexity of the graffiti, and placement of the graffiti in hard-to-reach places or in
transit systems, enhance the vandal's satisfaction. Because recognition is important, the tagger
tends to express the same motif—the graffiti's style and content are replicated over and over
again, becoming the tagger's unique signature.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR LOCAL PROBLEM
<https://popcenter.asu.edu/content/graffiti-page-2>
[Extract]
You must combine the basic facts provided above with a more specific understanding of your
local problem. Analyzing the local problem helps in designing a more effective response
strategy.
______________________________________
JOHN A. BURNS SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I
HOMELESS OUTREACH AND MEDICAL EDUCATION
The Hawai`i H.O.M.E. Project was founded in August of 2005 and our first free clinic began
servicing homeless individuals in May of 2006, with the opening of the Next Step transitional
shelter in Kaka`ako.
The mission of our program is to improve quality and access to health care for Hawai`i's
homeless, while increasing student and physician awareness and understanding of the
homeless and their healthcare needs.
Our program currently provides free medical services to homeless individuals at the Pai`olu
Kaiaulu Shelter in Wai`anae, the Onelauena Shelter in Kalaeloa, the IHS Men's Shelter in
Iwilei, and those that receive meals at the First United Methodist church in Honolulu. In
addition to these locations, we also utilize our mobile health van for medical outreach services
to the unsheltered homeless in the Kaka`ako area
A Student-Run Clinic
The Hawai`i H.O.M.E. Project provides student-run free clinics, where medical students, pre-
medical students, and other volunteers manage most of the duties of running the clinics.
Students in all levels of medical training participate in seeing the patients, both as part of
their educational curriculum and as volunteers. The students are supervised at all times by
faculty physicians from the medical school and volunteer physicians from the community.
The funding for our clinic services comes mainly from donations, fund raising activities, and
grants. The physician supervisors all volunteer their time to work at the clinic.

6. EXPANDING EMPOWERING THE JABSOM H.O.M.E. PROJECT
The University of Arizona Department of Family and Community Medicine
Mobile Health Program
<https://www.fcm.arizona.edu/outreach/mobile-health-program>
Our Mission
The mission of the Mobile Health Program is to empower underserved communities by
developing sustainable systems that increase access to health promotion, disease prevention and
health care services.
Mobile Health Program Service Provision
Through education and training, health promotion, disease prevention, and community development
efforts, the MHP addresses these core functions and direct health services:
- To inform, educate, and empower people about health issues
- To develop policies and procedures that support individual and community health efforts
- To link people to needed personal health services
- To assure the provision of health care when otherwise not available
Who We Serve
Each year the Mobile Health Program provides patient services to about 2,400 persons in
southern Arizona where little or no health care services are available. No one is turned away
regardless of ability to pay for services. The Program primarily provides services to the medically
underserved or uninsured people of southern Arizona. The program provides basic wellness and
preventive care for people with acute and chronic conditions.
Where We Serve
Each project or program serves specific areas of southern Arizona, from rural areas to low
income urban areas.
Who We Are
The Mobile Health Program consists of paid staff, undergraduate and graduate health professions
students from Pima Community College and the UA, including residents and medical students
from the CUP (Commitment to Underserved Peoples) program, and non-student volunteers from
the community who generously give of their time.
______________________________________
Mission
JABSOM, as part of the fabric of Hawai`i, is a diverse learning community committed to excellence
and leadership in:
- Educating current and future healthcare professionals and leaders
- Delivering high-quality healthcare
- Conducting research and translating discoveries into practice
- Establishing community partnerships and fostering multidisciplinary collaboration
- Pursuing alliances unique to Hawai`i and the Asia-Pacific region
- Acting with forethought regarding right relationships, respect, and moral action. Pono