2. WHAT IS ELEMENT ?
• It’s a particular part of something.
–Merriam-Webster Dictionary
• a part or aspect of something abstract, especially
one that is essential or characteristic.
• What happens to the medium after the techniques
are applied.
3. THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ARTS
1. LINE
2. COLOR
3. TEXTURE
4. PERSPECTIVE
5.SPACE
6.FORM
7.VOLUME
4. 1. LINE
•Line is an important
element at the
disposal of every
artist.
•Lines always have
direction.
5. LINE SUGGEST…
•Man usually lies prone
when asleep or when at
rest and stands erect
when in action.
•Man has learned that
certain emotional states
find expression in
definite positions.
6. TWO CLASSIFICATIONS OF LINE
1.STRAIGHT LINE
• HORIZONTAL
• VERTICAL
• DIAGONAL
2.CURVED LINE
• CROOKED OR JAGGED
7. STRAIGHT LINE
•A straight line is the basic framework of many
forms, but it lacks softness and flexibility.
8. HORIZONTAL LINES
•are lines repose and serenity.
•Horizontal lines are found in reclining persons,
in landscape, calm bodies of water and in the
distant meeting of the earth and sky which is
called horizon.
10. VERTICAL LINES
• are lines that denote action.
• They suggest poise, balance, force, aspiration,
exaltation, and dynamism.
• Vertical lines also tend to express as well as arouse
emotions of exaltation and inquietude.
• The Gothic Cathedrals express the aforementioned
sentiments that possessed the soul of northern
Europe- Middle Ages.
12. DIAGONAL LINES
• suggest action, life, and movement.
• Almost every object in action assumes a diagonal line
• As masters in any art try to perfect their technique, they are able to
work more or less instinctively, and they begin to express themselves
more and more through the freedom, buoyancy, and grace of
curved lines.
13. CROOKED OR JAGGED LINES
•express energy, violence, conflict, and
struggle.
14. CURVED LINES
•suggest grace, subtleness, direction, instability,
movement, flexibility, joyousness, and grace.
•The restrained curved lines exemplified in the
woman’s body and the bamboo stem where
according to Philippine legend, man and
woman sprang by Carlos “Botong” Francisco.
16. 3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF
CROOKED OR JAGGED LINES:
1. Lines which follow or repeat one another
2. Lines which contrast with one another
3. Transitional lines which modify or soften the
effect of others.
23. 2.COLOR
•Has the most aesthetic appeal of all the
elements of visual arts
•Delight in color is a universal human
characteristics
•Is a property of light
•The light of the sun contains all the colors of the
spectrum: violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow,
orange and red
28. A).HUE
• Is the dimension of color that gives its name
• Color names such as red, blue, green, violet, and
yellow indicate hue
• Primary Hues - blue, red, and yellow
• Secondary hues - orange, green, and violet
33. WARM HUES
•Red, Orange, and Yellow
•They are associated with objects like the sun,
fire, and other sources of heat
34. WARM HUES
• They tend to impart warmth to any composition in
which they are used
• They are conspicuous, cheerful, stimulating,
vivacious, joyous and exciting
• They are suggestive of impetuous or instinctive
action
• They are called advancing colors because they
have an effect of advancing or coming towards
you
36. COOL HUES
•Are those where blue predominates like green,
blue-green, blue, and blue-violet
•They cause surfaces covered with them to
appear to recede
•They suggest distance
•They are calm, sober, restful, and
inconspicuous
38. RED
•Color of fire and
blood
•Warmest, most
vigorous, and most
exciting of the colors
•It stands for passion
and energy
39. YELLOW
•Color of light
•Most brilliant, cheerful, and
exultant of the colors
•It suggests cheerfulness, magnificence, life
and splendor
•It serves to balance the warm colors like red
and orange
44. BLUE
•Color of the sky and of deep and still water
•Coolest and the most tranquil of the colors
•It arouses the feelings of peace and quietness
45. B).VALUE
•Sometimes called chiaroscuro
•Refers to the lightness or darkness of a color
•It is a quality which depends on the amount of
light and dark in color
•They give the expression of depth and solidity
and lend form to paintings
46. VALUE
•TINTS - are values above the normal
•SHADES - are values below the normal
• Pink is a tint of red
• Maroon is a shade of red
• Sky blue is a tint
• Navy blue is a shade
49. VALUE
•The value of a hue can be changed
•We raise hue by adding more light so that it
reflects more light and lower it by reducing the
light it can reflect
50. C).INTENSITY
•Refers to the brightness or darkness
•It gives color strength
•Differences in intensity may be described as
full intensity, two-thirds intensity, and two-thirds
neutral
51. INTENSITY
•Two colors may be both blue but one is more
intense than the other
•When it is dulled, it is said to be partly
neutralized
•The more black or white is added, the weaker
the intensity becomes
53. RELATED COLOR HARMONIES
•May either be monochromatic or adjacent
a. Monochromatic harmony
ois made up of several tones of one hue, like for
instance orange, tan, brown, and other tones
from the orange family.
oSimplest and easiest to use
56. RELATED COLOR HARMONIES
b. Adjacent or neighboring harmony
oTwo or three neighboring hues on the color circle are used
together
oExample: tones of green, yellow, and orange can produce
a delightful harmony
oThey have something in common because there is yellow in
green and in orange
oGood adjacent harmonies can be produced by using other
groups of neighboring colors like yellow, orange, and red or
orange, red, and violet
59. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES
• Colors which lie directly opposite each other in
the color circle are called complementary colors
• Red and green, orange and blue, violet and
yellow are complementary colors
• They contrast with each other strongly; therefore,
they are more difficult to use harmoniously than
the related color combinations
63. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES
1. COMPLEMENTARY HARMONY
• A colour scheme that uses 1 colour plus it’s opposite on the
colour wheel. This object spins around to any colour, it’s
complement should be directly opposite. It can also move in
(adding white) and out (adding black) while retaining its
structure.
64. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES
2. DOUBLE COMPLEMENTARY
• A colour scheme that uses 4 hues, including two adjacent hues
and their respective complements. (e.g. yellow, yellow-orange,
purple and blue- purple. This object spins around to any four
colour combination hues. It can also move in (adding white)
and out (adding black) while retaining this structure.
65. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES
3. SPLIT COMPLEMENTARY
• A colour scheme that uses 3 hues which include a base hue
and the two hues on either side of its complement. This object
spins around to any three colour combination hues. It can also
move in (adding white) and out (adding black) while retaining
this structure.
66. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES
4. TRIAD
• A colour scheme that uses 3 hues which are each 1/3 around the
colour wheel. This object spins around to any three combination hues,
while retaining this structure. Each arm can move in (adding white) or
out (adding black). The two arms that are not the base colour can
move independent of it while retaining this structure. Moving the base
hue in or out, adjusts the two other hues proportionately.
67. CONTRASTED COLOR HARMONIES
5. TETRAD
• A colour scheme that uses 2 base hues which are 1 colour apart
and include their complements. (e.g., red, green, yellow and
purple). This object spins around to any four colour combination
hues. It can also move in (adding white) and out (adding black)
while retaining this structure
68. PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
• BLACK - Is associated with death and gloom
• WHITE - Stands for purity and innocence
• BLUE - Deemed the color of heaven
• RED - Is associated with blood, signifies anger, provokes fear,
and impels people to action
• ORANGE - Helps a person be assertive
• GREEN - Color of nature, promotes the feeling of well-being
- It implies happy and restful association and natural
abundance
69. MEANINGS OF COLORS
CONVEYED BY THE ROSE
•The rose is a flower worthy of mention for the
varied psychological and emotional
connotations each of its color takes
•It is the universal flora of love
70. MEANINGS OF COLORS
CONVEYED BY THE ROSE
“The Language of Roses”
By Sarian J.
Red is for ‘I love you’; pink conveys a ‘Thank
you’, white says ‘you are heavenly’; coral
speaks of desire.
71. WHITE ROSES
•If you are harboring a secret affection for a
special girl (or guy), it would be more
appropriate to send white roses
•White roses denotes secrecy and several other
meanings such as innocence, purity,
reverence, and humility
72. PINK ROSES
DEEP PINK
• Convey gratitude and
appreciation
• Most appropriate for those who
would like to say “thank you”
LIGHT PINK
• Expresses sympathy
• Also stand for grace and gentility
76. RED AND WHITE ROSES
•For conveying the message of unity
77. •If you want to tell your sweetheart that you are
ready to settle down, send her two roses
because this means, in the language of roses,
that you are ready for marriage
•A single rose, on the other hand, simply means
simplicity.
78. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF COLOR VALUES
•Light values or tints make the size of objects
appear larger because these values reflect
light.
•An individual seems to look larger in light
colored clothing
•Light hues also seem to recede when seen
from above, as in a ceiling
79. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF COLOR VALUES
•Rooms can be made to appear higher by
painting the ceiling with light colors
•In perspective, distant objects appear to have
light values because these values suggest
distance or background. Dark hues or values
seem to decrease the size of objects because
these values absorb light.
80. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF COLOR VALUES
•Large people should wear dark colored
clothes to make them appear smaller.
•A dark color also suggest foreground or
nearness.
•In this case, floors and rugs must be dark hues
•Dark-colored floors make the room appear
stable
81. 3.TEXTURE
• During the 19th to 20th centuries, a high premium
was placed on very smooth surfaces and forms. A
group of painters including Cezzane, Picasso, and
others emphasized texture by purposely making
portions of the paintings rough.
• Texture is being used by sculptors, architecture,
paintings, and any other forms of art.
82. TEXTURE
• is an element that deals more directly with the sense of
touch. Also, it is best appreciated when an object is
touched with our hands.
• It is the perceived surface quality of a work of art.
• It is an element of two-dimensional and three-dimensional
designs and is distinguished by its perceived visual and
physical properties.
• Use of texture, along with other elements of design, can
convey a variety of messages and emotions.
88. 4.PERSPECTIVE
•from the Latin: “perspicere” means to see
through, deals with the effect of distance
upon the appearance of objects, by means of
which the EYE judges spatial relationships. It is
important in painting because volume is to be
presented on a two dimensional surface
89. TWO KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE
Linear Perspective
• is the representation of an appearance of distance
by means of converging lines.
90. TWO KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE
Aerial Perspective
• is the representation of relative distances of objects
by gradations of tone and color.
94. 5.SPACE
• refers to distances or areas
around, between or within
components of a piece.
• Space can be positive (white or
light) or negative (black or dark),
open or closed, shallow or deep
and two-dimensional or three-
dimensional.
• Sometimes space isn't actually
within a piece, but the illusion of
it is.
98. 6.FORM
• applies to the overall
design of a work of art. It
describes the structure or
shape of an object.
• directs the movement of
the eyes.
• Since form consists of size
and volume, it signifies
visual weight.
102. FORM
• Applies to the overall design of a work of art.
• Form consists of size and volume.
• Includes height, width and depth.
• Form generally refers to sculpture, 3D design and
architecture but may also relate to the illusion of 3D
on a 2D surface
• Good architecture allows outward forms to be
governed by what goes on inside them.
103. FORM
• Architecture lives by the guiding principle “form follows
function”
• Another factor in determining form is the way in which a
building is construct.
• Triangles, circles, and rectangles are favourite designs
used by the painters. Tables, buildings, picture frames
and furnitures are usually composed of cubes or
rectangular solids. Oranges, electric bulbs, lakes and
domes are shaped as spheres. Tress, mountains and
flowers are cones. The trunk of trees, human arms or
legs, and pencils are cylinders.
104. TYPES OF FORM
1. REGULAR FORMS
2. IRREGULAR FORMS
3. CENTRALIZED FORMS
4. LINEAR FORMS
5. RADIAL FORMS
6. GRID FORMS
105. TYPES OF FORM
Regular Forms
• are those whose parts are related to one
another in a consistent, orderly manner.
106. TYPES OF FORM
Irregular Forms
•are those whose parts are dissimilar and
unrelated to one another.
107. TYPES OF FORM
Centralized Forms
•consist of a number of secondary forms
clustered to produce a dominant, central,
and parent form.
108. TYPES OF FORM
Linear Forms
•are arranged sequentially in a row or a series
of forms along a line.
109. TYPES OF FORM
Radial Forms
•compositions of linear form that extend
outward from central form in a radial form.
110. TYPES OF FORM
Grid Forms
•are modular forms whose relationships are
regulated by 3-dimensional grid.
111. 7.VOLUME
• Refers to the amount of space occupied in three dimensions.
• We perceive volume in two ways: by contour lines, outlines, or
shapes of objects, and by surface lights and shadows.
• Volume is the primary concern of architects because a
building always encloses a space.
• The viewer, therefore, may obtain not one but many different
impressions from a single work.
• The sculptor is also concerned with the volume.
• In painting, volume is an illusion because the surface of the
canvas is flat.
114. MUSIC
•is vocal or
instrumental sounds
(or both) combined in
such a way as to
produce beauty of
form, harmony, and
expression of
emotion.
115. ELEMENTS OF MUSIC
1. RHYTHM
2. MELODY
3. PITCH
4. HARMONY
5.TEMPO
6.DYNAMICS
7.TIMBRE
116. 1.RHYTHM
•is the variation of length and accentuation of
a series of sound. It is a larger concept that
includes the beat and everything that
happens to sound in relation to time.
117. RHYTHM
•In music, its most fundamental component is
beat - is the simple pulse found in almost all
music familiar to us.
•Measuring rhythm is by means of a Meter - is
the arrangement of a rhythm in a fixed,
regular pattern with a uniform number of
beats in uniform measures.
118. 2.MELODY
•is associated mental motion sometimes called
the memory element because it is always
remembered by listeners. It is an organize
group of pitches strung out sequentially to
form a satisfying musical entity.
119. 3.PITCH
• indicates the highness or lowness of sound and is
determined solely by the frequency of molecular
vibrations.
• The slower the vibration, the lower the pitch.
• The faster the vibration, the higher the pitch.
120. 4.HARMONY
•refers to the manner of sound combination-
the sounding series or group of tones at the
same time or simultaneously.
•Harmony refers only to the simultaneous
sounding of pitches regardless of whether the
chords sound pleasing or not.
121. HARMONY
•Chord is a combination of two or more tones
sounded at the same time.
•Concord combination or chord that produces
an impression of agreeableness or resolution to
the listener.
•Discord or dissonance
122. 5.TEMPO
•refers to the speed of a certain musical piece.
It may be slow, quick or moderate.
123. LIST OF TERMS COMMONLY USED TO
INDICATE TEMPO
• Largo - very slow
• Adagio - slow and stately
• Andante - at a walking
pace
• Andantino - alternatively
faster or slower than
andante
• Allegreto - moderately fast
• Allegro - fast presto-very
fast
• Accelerando - gradually
becoming faster
• Ritardando - gradually
becoming slower
124. 6.DYNAMICS
•refers to the amount ,strength, or volume of
the sound
•It may refer to the loudness and softness of
music.
125. 7.TIMBRE
•refers to tone quality. Helps differentiate one
type of voice to another or instrument from
another
126. DANCE
•is an art and a recreation. As an art, it tells a
story, a set of mood or expresses an emotion.
Dances vary in form. Some forms of dances
are religious dance, magical dance,
commemorative dance, ceremonial dance,
recreative dance, and testimonial dance.
127. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
•Theme - is the most basic element of a dance.
It conveys the message of a dance.
HIPHOP DANCE CULTURAL DANCE
128. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
•Design - is the pattern of movement in time and space.
Pattern in time refers to the unaccented beats of
movements into measures. Path in space refers to the path
traced by the dancer’s feet on the floor and the levels on
which they move.
129. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
•Movement - refers to the bodily actions of the
dancer that include his steps, gestures of the
arms, hands, and body and facial expression.
131. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
• Music - is the auditory background to which a dancer
moves. A dance is always accomplished by any form of
music
132. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
• Costume and paraphernalia - are properties worn by the
dancers that help reflect the message, customs, beliefs, and
setting of the dance.
133. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
• Choreography - refers to the figures and steps in dancing
that enable the dancers to perform in an organized
manner.
134. ELEMENTS OF DANCE
• Scenery - refers the background or setting where the dance
is performed to make it more realistic and enriching.
135. LITERATURE
•Is one of the arts that expresses human
feelings. It shows ideas or emotions through
symbolic presentation in the form of short story,
poetry, drama or play and essay among
others.
136. GENERAL ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE
•At present, not all written works can be
considered literature. To understand a good
literary work, we should know first the
important elements of literature.
137. THE IMPORTANT ELEMENTS
OF LITERATURE
•Emotional Appeal – is attained when the
reader is emotionally or touched.
•Humanistic Value – can be realized when
the literary work affirms the dignity and worth
of all people.
138. LITERARY WORKS AND THEIR
ELEMENTS:
•Elements of the Short Story
•Elements of the Novel
•Elements of Drama
139. SHORT STORY
•A short story is a brief work of literature,
usually written in narrative prose.
Emerging from earlier oral storytelling
traditions in the 17th century, the short
story has grown to encompass a body of
work so diverse as to defy easy
characterization.
140. NOVEL
•Is a long work of prose fiction dealing with
characters, situations, and scenes that
represent real life.
•Fiction, whether long (novel) or short (short
story), may aim to give us moral lessons, bring
pleasure, raise questions, or cultivate critical
thinking.
146. TYPES OF DRAMA
•Comedy is a form
of drama that has
a happy ending.
Humor comes
from the dialogue
and situations.
147. TYPES OF DRAMA
• Tragedy is a form of drama in which events
lead to the downfall of the main character,
often a person of great significance, like a
king or hero.
151. SETTING/SCENERY
• Construction on the
stage that shows
time/place
• Could be called Scenery.
• Furniture, painted
backdrops, or large props
should appear real.
153. THEME
• While plot refers to the action of the play,
theme refers to the meaning of the play.
Theme is the main idea or lesson to be
learned from the play. In some cases, the
theme of a play is obvious; other times it is
quite subtle.
154. 4.PLOT
•Is the soul of drama.
•It tells what is the story about?
•Lay outs the series of events that form the
entirety of the play. Its serves as a structural
framework which brings the events to a
cohesive form and sense.
155.
156. •The plot is divided into:
•Exposition/Introduction
•Introduces the character, provides
information about earlier events and
present situation.
•Inciting actions
•Situation move towards a point
157. • Rising Action
•Part of the complication.
• Crisis or Turning Point
•Choices and decisions lead to the
inevitable.
• Falling action
•The incidents following the turning point
happen without decrease in intensity
160. 6.SYMBOLISM
•Is used in literature when one thing is meant to
represent something else.
•Symbols are object, person, situation, action
and all recognizable things or items that
suggest other meaning.
161. 7.IRONY
• Is a contrast among what seems and what is and could be.
Three types of Irony
• Verbal – I am saying one thing but really mean the other.
• Situational – When something happens, and I was
expecting the opposite.
• Dramatic – When everyone knows something I don’t.
162. IRONY
•Occurs when there is a difference between
what is expected and what actually
happens in a story, poems or play.
163. 8.STYLE
•is the literary element that describes the ways
that the author uses words — the author's word
choice, sentence structure, figurative
language, and sentence arrangement all
work together to establish mood, images, and
meaning in the text.
165. 10.CLIMAX
•The point of greatest emotional intensity,
interest, or suspense in the plot of a
narrative.
•Typically comes at the turning point in a
story or drama.
166. 11.MUSIC AND SPECTACLE
•Both show the relationship of script, actor,
audience, author producer, society, genre,
stage, and other elements of the drama.
• Music
•While music is often featured in drama, in
this case Aristotle was referring to the
rhythm of the actors' voices as they speak.
167. •Spectacle
•This refers to the visual elements of a play:
sets, costumes, special effects, etc.
Spectacle is everything that the
audience sees as they watch the play.
168. 12.COSTUMES AND
MAKEUP
• Costume
• Clothing and
accessories worn by
actors to portray
character and period.
• Every costume should
be comfortable and
securely put together.
170. 13.DIALOGUE
•This refers to the words written by the
playwright and spoken by the characters in
the play.
•The dialogue helps move the action of the
play along.
•The conversation between and among the
characters of the drama.
