3. Definition of FIRST – AID
• Is an immediate care rendered to
help an acutely ill and / or injured
person before the arrival of the
Doctor or arrival to the medical
facility.
• Serves as a bridge between the
victim and the doctor / or medical
facility for survival
4. Goals of FIRST – AID
Keep the victim alive
Prevent the victim’s condition from getting
worse
Help promote recovery from the injury or illness
Ensure the victim receives medical care
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
6. Take Action in an Emergency
Six ( 6 ) Basic Steps In Any Emergency:
1. Recognize the emergency and Check the
scene.
2. Decide to help.
3. Check the Victim.
4. Call Emergency Hotlines or Calling E.M.S.
- Ex. Emergency 117
5. Give First Aid.
6. Seek Medical Attention.
7. Recognize the emergency.
You must know there is an emergency
when you see one.
You see an injured or ill victim, or
someone.
You may not see a victim first but see
signs that an emergency has occurred
and that someone may be hurt.
8. and Check the scene.
Always check the scene when you recognize an
emergency has occurred – before rushing in to help
a victim.
You must be safe yourself if you are to help
another.
Look for any Hazards such as the following:
Smoke, flames
Spilled chemicals, fumes
Downed electrical wires
Risk of explosion, building collapse
Roadside dangers, high-speed traffic
Potential personal violence
9. Also as part of Checking The
Scene, we must:
Look to see if there are other victims. More help
may be needed for multiple victims.
Look for any clues that may help you determine
what happened and what first aid may be needed.
Look for bystanders who may be able to help
give first aid or go to a telephone to call E.M.S. or
any Emergency Hotlines (Emergency 117)
10. If the scene is dangerous,
STAY AWAY and CALL FOR HELP.
Do not become a victim yourself!
ALERT!!! BEFORE YOU HELP SOMEONE…
11. Check Victim for:
• Bleeding (Lacerations, Bruises,
Contusion, Punctures)
• Fractures, Deformities)
• Responsiveness - Conscious or
Unconscious
IF YOU DECIDED TO HELP
12. Physical Exam
Check head to
toe for D-O-T-S
Deformity
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
13. PLEASE BE
REMINDED!DON’T LET ANYONE MOVE THE VICTIM FROM
THE POSITION YOU’VE SEEN HIM/HER, LET
THE VICTIM STAY IN POSITION or STABILIZE
THE VICTIM. SPECIALLY FOR VEHICULAR
ACCIDENTS, AND FALL.
14. ACTIVE E.M.S. ?
Be ready to give the following information:
• Your name and the phone number you are using.
• The location and number of victims --- specific
enough for the arriving crew to find them.
• What happened to the victims and any special
circumstances or conditions that may require
special rescue or medical equipment.
• The victim’s condition: for example, Is the victim
responsive? Breathing? Bleeding?
• The victim’s approximate age and sex.
• What is being done for the victim(s)
15. CHECK FOR INJURY or
BLEEDING
If Fracture is present, STABILIZE
fractured part using improvised splints
and Triangular bandage.
If Bleeding is present, control it first by
putting pressure on the wound and
elevating the part or put pressure on
pressure point near the wounded area.
17. Bandaging
A bandage is a piece of material used
either to support a medical device such as
a dressing or splint, or on its own to
provide support to the body;
Bandages are available in a wide range of
types, from generic cloth strips, to
specialized shaped bandages designed for
a specific limb or part of the body, although
bandages can often be improvised as the
situation demands, using clothing, blankets
or other material.
19. Use proper Body
Substance Isolation (BSI)
/ gloves.
Treament Priority ABC –
Control Bleeding.
Apply dry, sterile dressing
over entire wound.
Maintain pressure and
secure dressing with a
roller bandage.
Emergency Care / First Aid Bleeding
Wounds
22. Bandaging of Impaled Objects
DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED OBJECT!!!
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting
23. Bandaging of Impaled Objects
DO NOT REMOVE OR PULL THE IMPALED OBJECT!!!
Bandaging, Dressing & Splinting
Make a DOUGHNUT ROLL and place the object inside the circle and
immobilize the object.
Stabilized the object by Bandaging Tape, if available you can place a
cover over the object to prevent from moving.
24. DIRECT PRESSURE
ELEVATE
PRESSURE POINT
Emergency Care / First Aid
THINGS TO REMEMBER: BLEEDING
25. Disease Tranmission (1 of 2)
Rescuers should understand the risk.
Precautions can help protect against
bloodborne and airborne diseases.
Bloodborne: Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS
Airborne: Tuberculosis
26. Disease Tranmission (2 of 2)
Protection
Hepatits B vaccine
Universal precautions and Body
Substance Isolation (BSI)
○ Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
- Medical exam gloves
- Protective eyewear
- Mask
- Mouth to Barrier devices
27. Fractures
A break in bone or cartilage. Although
usually a result of trauma.
Open Fracture – Blood is present, a bone
raptures the flesh.
Close Fracture – Skin is intact, deformity is
present on the fractured area.
28. Splint – a hard, rigid, flat material
that can be use to place under or
over the fractured area.
E.g. Flat wood, Bamboo, Cardboard,
Plastic.
Splinting of Fractures
33. Heart Attack & Cardiac
Arrest
A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue
dies.
Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.
Cardiac arrest in adults is usually sudden, and the
primary cause is cardiac related. Therefore
circulation produced by chest compressions is
crucial
Cardiac arrest in children is mostly asphyxial which
requires both compressions and ventilations.
Rescue breathing may be more important for
children than adults in cardiac arrest.
35. Check for Responsiveness
Tap the victim’s shoulder and
ask if he or she is all right.
Listen for normal breath sounds.
Check circulation. If the victim is
not responsive or with no
normal breath sounds have a
bystander call 1-1-7.
36.
37. Chest Compressions (1 of 2)
Two hands for adults
One or two hands for children
Two fingers for an infant
Compression depth
Adult: 2 inches
Child : 1/3 depth of the chest/ 2 inches
Infant: 1/3 depth of the chest/ 1.5
inches
Allow chest recoil
38. Chest Compressions (2 of 2)
Adult and child: center of chest between
nipples
Infants: just below nipple line
5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2
breaths
Check Airway and Breathing after 2mins.
39. Rescue Breaths
Give two normal breaths.
Methods
Mouth-to-barrier
Mouth-to-nose
Mouth-to-stoma
40. (Compression Only) CPR
Give (Compression only) CPR at a rate of at
least 100/min., if untrained and not proficient in
providing CPR.
“Push Hard and Push Fast”
Not recommended for Asphyxial arrest
Asphyxial – insufficient oxygen intake
41. Continue CPR and When to
Stop:
Victim Show signs of life
EMS takes over or arrived at the scene
You are too tired to continue
Obvious signs of death
Decapitation, Rigor Mortis, Lividity
42. When Victim Shows Signs of
Life
Put the victim in recovery position.
43. Moving Victims
Only move victim if there is immediate danger.
Fire
Hazardous materials
Impossible to protect from hazards
Impossible to access other victims who need
lifesaving care
Protect victim’s spine.
Drag in direction of the long axis of the body
52. Triage
Classify into care and transportation
priorities
Triage categories / Color Coding
Immediate care - RED
Delayed care - YELLOW
Walking wounded - GREEN
Dead - BLACK
54. Basic First Aid
Awareness
ERAP HOTLINE:
(02) 911-ERAP (3727)
First Responder Unit:
(02) 871-5811
(Fire and Medical Emergencies)
Patrol 117 Dial: 117