Comparative Education

1. Palawan State University
Graduate School Program
Summer, 2018
Master of Arts in Education major in Mathematics
Ed. 210 COMPARATIVE EDUCATION
Comparative Presentation of the
Educational System of TURKEY and
ROME-ITALY
Submitted by:
GERALDINE L. DUMARAN-LIBARRA
Submitted to:
Dr. ERLINDA A. GANAPIN

2. Objectives:
• Compare the educational systems of Turkey and
Rome-Italy in terms of:
a. Goals of Education
b. Historical/Cultural Perspective
c. Government Funds in Education
d. Structure of Education
e. Organization and Management
f. Teacher Education Program
g. Problems in Education
h. Preparations for the challenges of the 21st
Century

3. MAP and Flag

4. Demographic
Characteristics
TURKEY ITALY
Official Name Republic of Turkey Italian Republic
Capital Ankara Rome
Population
81,916,871
1.07% of the total world
populations
Rank 19
59,290,969
0.78% of the total world
populations
Rank 23
Rome- 3,772,000
Rank of Educational System Rank 34 Rank 31
Religion Muslims Roman Catholicism
GDP
Budget for Education
$2.320 trillion (2018)
2.9% (2012)
$2.182 trillion (2018)
4.4% (2012)
Language Turkish
Austro-Bavarian German,
Italian, Sardinian
Currency Turkey Lira Euro

5. Goals of EDUCATION
TURKEY
• To raise all the individuals of
Turkish Nation as citizens who are
devoted to Ataturk’s nationalism
• As individuals who have sober and
healthy characteristics in body,
mind, morality, spirit, and sense
• To prepare them to life by
developing their interest,
capabilities and skills
ITALY
• Help the pupils to transform them
into personal competencies.

6. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
TURKEY
• The only country in the world that is on
two continents. Turkey is in both Asia
and Europe.
• Encircle by seas on three sides:
Aegean Sea to the west. The Black
Sea to the north and the Mediterranean
Sea to the south.
• Bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria
to the northwest; Greece to the west;
Georgia to the northeast; Armenia,
Azerbaijan and Iran to the east; and
Iraq and Syria to the southeast.
• Democratic, secular, unitary,
constitutional republic whose political
system was established in 1923 under
the leadership of Mustafa Kemal
Ataturk following the fall of the Ottoman
Empire in the after World War I.
• Turkey began full membership
negotiations with the European Union
in 2005.
ITALY
• Italy was unified in 1861 and became a
Republic in 1946
• Hosts 2 foreign countries, the Republic
of S.Marino and Vatican City.

7. CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
TURKEY
• The culture of Turkey combines a
heavily diverse
and heterogeneous set of elements
that have been derived from the
various cultures of the Eastern
Mediterranean (West Asian)
and Central Asian region and to a
lesser degree, Eastern European,
and Caucasian traditions. Many of
these traditions were initially
brought together by the Ottoman
Empire, a multi-ethnic and multi-
religious state.
• Classical Europe and the
Islamic Middle East.
ITALY
Italy is considered the birthplace
of Western civilization and a cultural
superpower
The famous elements of Italian culture
are its art, music, style, and iconic food.
Italy was the birthplace of opera, and
for generations the language of opera
was Italian, irrespective of the
nationality of the composer.

8. STRUCTUREOFEDUCATION TURKEY ITALY
Pre-primary
Age 4-6
Nursery School
(scuola dell’infanzia)
Age 3-5
Primary School
Age 6-10
(4 years)
Primary School
(scuola primaria o elementare)
Age 6-11
(5 years)
Middle School
Age 10-14
(4 years)
Lower Secondary School
(scuola secondaria di primo grado o
media)
Age 11-14
(3 years)
Secondary Education
Age 14-18
(4 years)
Upper Secondary School
(scuola secondaria di secondo grado o
superiore)
Age 14-19
(5 years)
Higher Education University
(universita)

9. CURRICULA
TURKEY
• The academic calendar generally
begins in mid-September and
extends through to mid-June, with
some variations between urban
and rural areas. There is a two
week winter break between
January - February.
• Universities usually organize the
academic year into two semesters,
usually between October - January
and between February/March -
June/July.
ITALY
• September-June
• First Semester: October-February
Second Semester: March-July

10. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
TURKEY
• Ministry of National Education is
responsible for formal education
(pre-school education, primary
education and secondary
education)
• The Council of Higher Education
(YOK) is responsible for the
planning, coordination and
supervision of higher education.
ITALY
• Article 33 of Italian Constitution lays
down that State is obliged to
provide a State-school system
accessible to all young people
providing opportunities
commensurate with their
aspirations, regardless of economic
status and social situation, such as
ethnic or linguistic background.
• The Ministry of Education,
University and Research (MIUR) is
responsible for the general
administration at national level.
• Each School prepares a Piano
dell’Offerta Formativa (FOP), a plan
that includes the philosophy, the
mission, and the goals of the
school.

11. TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
TURKEY
• 4 years
• Average Salary $1,000-1,800
ITALY
• Primary Education-5 years
University Degree
• Secondary Education-University
Degree and Specialized Degree
• Average Salary $1,555

12. PROBLEMS IN EDUCATION
TURKEY
• Immigrant/refugee crises
• Education and skill levels in Turkey
lag international standards
• More young people
ITALY
• The breakdown of the population of
Italian teachers
• ROME - Lack of resources,
tumbling prestige and rampant
corruption
• Lack of graduates opportunities
• Employment opportunities continue
to fall, with little over a half of
students finding work within three
years of graduating. This is lower
even than Turkey
• More adult

13. PREPARATIONS FOR THE CHALLENGES
OF THE 21ST CENTURY
TURKEY
• Increasing educational attainment
and performance at all levels of
education
• Government strategies place a high
priority on reform of higher
education
• Access and equity
• Turkey devotes 1.1 percent of GDP
to public spending on tertiary
education
ITALY
• Italian government implemented
different reforms in order to improve
the initial teacher education and to
support both the working insertion
and the life of Italian teachers.
• Continuing Professional
Development (CDP) for teachers
• Use of Cooperative Learning in K-
12 classrooms.
• New Architectural Approach for
educational environments
• Launch experimentation within
Italian schools to test new
educational models and new
technologies
• Create an annual national
education prize for best schools,
teachers and principals.

14. Conclusion
Therefore, factors that affects the
quality of education should not hinder
the success of the educational system of
the country. It should be a motivation to
strive harder to develop/improve the
education. Budget for education,
continuing professional development for
teachers and good education system
helps for country’s improvement.

15. References:
• https://www.classbase.com/Countries/Turkey/Education-System
• https://www.classbase.com/Countries/Italy/Education-System
• http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/rome-population/
• http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/turkey-population/
• http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/italy-population/
• http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/italy-population/
• https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=legal+basis+of+education+of+turkey&
oq=
legal+basis+of+education+of+turkey&aqs=chrome..69i57.10027j0j4&sourceid=
chrome&ie=UTF-8
• https://www.ambrosetti.eu/en/research-and-presentation/education-for-a-
new-renaissance-and-competitiveness-for-Italy-/
• http://international.unicam.it/courses/classes-timetable
• https://www.internations.org
• http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-education-system-changes-must-
focus-on-quality-education-reform-initiative-head-118345
• http://www.allaboutturkey.com/education.htm
• https://www.slideshare.net/sturkmen72/the-turkish-educational-system
• https://www.slideshare.net/msanch43/school-system-in-italy
• http://www.businessinsider.com/pisa-worldwide-ranking-of-math-science-
reading-skills-2016-12