1. ersity – VNU HCMC.
ology
hemistry
g Le Son
mistry of
LIPIDS
Group 7: Nguyễn Hoàng Quốc Anh – BTBTWE11008
Trương Kim Ngân – BTFTIU11041
Huỳnh Kỳ Nhã – BTFTIU11021
Trương Lê Minh Tâm – BTFT11010
Hoàng Ngô Minh Trị - BTBTWE11007
Nguyễn Quỳnh Hải Yến – BTFT11009
5. Fatty acid
Triacylglycerols
Prostaglandins
Open-chain lipids
Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Waxes
L
Classification
I Cholesterol
Close-chain lipids P
Steroid hormones
I Bile salts
8. R COO
tty acidshydrocarbon chain
H C12 to C26 (Long-chain)
even number of carbon atoms C8 and C10 (Medium-chain)
R not branched C4 and C6 (Short-chain)
9. C
l
ed fatty acids Unsaturated fatty acids
a
s
s
i
f R
i
c palmitic acid oleic acid
17. eactions
O
LiAlH 4 R
HO 2 OH
Long-chain alcohol
O
OH
CH 3
R
HA OH
O Methyl ester
R O
OH
Br 2 R
P OH
alpha-Halo acid
SO Cl 2
O
pyridine R
OH
Long-chain acyl cloride
18. eactions
LiAlH 4 R
HO 2 OH
Long-chain alcohol
O
OH
CH 3
R
HA OCH 3
O Methyl ester
R O
() ()
m n OH
OH Br 2 R
P OH
Br
alpha-Halo acid
SO Cl 2
O
pyridine R
Cl
Long-chain acyl cloride
19. eactions O
H 2
() ()
n m OH
Ni
O
Br
Br 2 () ()
n m OH
CCl 4
O O
() () OH HBr
HBr () ()
m n n m OH
O
HO OH
OsO 4
( ) n( ) m OH
NaHSO 3
36. actions
Rancidity
O O
Oxidation
CH CH CH CH
Oxidation
O O
H
O C H
C O
37. nctions
tion:
hesized in adipose tissues
ion:
ycerol
CO2 + H2O
9kcal/g
e vitamins (A, D, E, K) into body
temperature
ients
ial fatty acids
38. alth risks
“bad” fat Saturated fat
Trans fat
ase low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
stroke
e great impact on insulin function
betes
cer
rian disorder
rt problems.
39. alth risks
“bad” fat Saturated fat
Trans fat
und in margarine and fried foods.
rease LDLs level
ecrease HDLs level
Heart attacks
Diabetes
Breast cancer
58. oglycolipids
O
sphingosine
H C (H C)
3 n 2
NH
C (H12
Monosaccharide or Oligosaccharide
3 C) 2 O Galactose
Glucose
Fatty acid
OH
Ceramide
Sphingoglycolipids
Cerebroside
59. e b r o s id e s CH OH2
oglycolipids
O Glucose
H C (H3C)
n 2
NH
C (H12
3 C) 2 O
r e b r o s id e s
OH
Ceramide
Galactose
Cerebroside
62. efinition
O
CO
OH
9 8 6 5
3
1
C20 carboxylic acids
10
7 4 2
1 five-membered ring
20
13 16 18
staglandins 11 12 14 15 17 19
At least 1 double bond
OH
Several oxygen-containing OH
functional groups
A rachido acid
nic
Prostaglandin E 2
[P G E ] 2
63. [PG E ]2
efinition
O O
OH
O
O O
OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
Prostaglandin F
E 2
1-alpha
[P [PF E ]1-alpha
GG ]2
64. nctions
nse to a physiological trigger.
:
of blood clots
erature, heart rate, blood pressure
ng smooth muscle
duce while others relieve)
72. ntents
Definition 1
and nomenclature
2 Cholesterol
Bile acids and bile salts
3
Sex hormones
4
73. nd nomenclature
methyl group
β substituents:
on the top side (as angular methyl group)
α substituents:
on the bottom side
trans (in most steroid)
eroid nucleus
cis 5 β series
trans 5 α series
74. nd nomenclature
21 22 24 26
20 23 25
R= H
20
21 22 24
H
Cholane
Cholestane
20 21 23
27
Androstane
Estrane
Pregnane
18 R
H
19 17
5 5α 5β
H
H H
76. ol - Functions
anes
d-based lipids (e.g, bile acids)
nthesis of all of the steroids of the body
essential to life
need to obtain from dietary intake
WHY?
77. oproteins
Cholesterol + Proteins other lipids
+
tions in cholesterol distribution via bloodstream
LDLs (low-density lipoproteins)
HDLs (high-density lipoproteins)
78. oproteins
LDLs HDLs
“ “
b g
om the liver to the tissues. tissues to the liver for degradation and excret
carry cholesterol from the
a o
d o
d
79. rol - Effects
decrease in blood flow to the heart muscle
od cholesterol levels
heart attack
th muscle cells + calcium.
83. e acids
always carry an amino acid
Example:
Taurine Glycine
+
3N─CH2─CH2─SO3− H3N─CH2─COO−
Taurocholic acid
Glycocholic acid
Cholic
84. e salts
gate of bile acids with either glycine or taurine.
xample:
Sodium glycocholate (from glycocholic acid)
Sodium taurocholate
(from taurocholic acid)
85. s - Functions
osynthesized cholesterol
bile acids lipid-emulsifying agent
Enzymes
the absorption of dietary lipids in the intestine
Fats break down
How does
it work?
Oils
small droplets
86. ds - Effects
erol secretion increases
pool size decreases
lance between cholesterol and bile acids
gallstones
88. trogens
he female sex hormones
creted by the ovaries.
nctions in:
he development of the secondary female characteristics
egulating the menstrual cycle
timulating the development of the mammary glands during pregnancy
nducing estrus (heat) in animals.
89. drogens
he male sex hormones
ecreted by the testes.
esponsible for the development of the secondary male characteristics:
growth of facial and body hair
the deepening of the voice
muscular development
the maturation of the make sex organs.
91. ogestins
he pregnancy hormones
ted by the corpus luteum after ovulation occurs and later, by the placenta.
ions:
pares the lining of the uterus for implantation of the fertilized ovum.
essary for the completion of pregnancy.
presses ovulation.
92. ticoid hormones
2 types Glucocorticoids
Example: Mineralocorticoids
glucose metabolism
lammatory diseases (e.g, arthritis)
ssing certain components of the body’s immune system.
Cortisol
93. ticoid hormones
ralocorticoids
+ and K+ ions in cells and body fluids.
Example:
Aldosterone stimulates cells in the kidneys to reabsorb Na+ and water fro
raising blood pressure and volume
94. roids in medicines
Cortisol a glucocorticoid
Effects:
s survive short periods of stress
ess inflammation
How?
down protein in muscles
ess parts of the immune system
96. roids in medicines
dnisolone
nly glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity
Effects:
wide range of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis Asthma
98. roids in medicines
ontraceptives
de forms of estrogen and progestin.
Effects: birth control
How?
trogen regulates the menstrual cycle
ogestin prevents ovulation
N N
