1. FUEL CELLS
Kris Cook
Auto 480-002
4/27/2014

2. FUEL CELL HISTORY
• 1839 - The first fuel cell was created by Sir William Grove which he called the “Gas Battery”.
• 1889 - Charles Langer and Ludwig Mond took William Grove’s fuel cell invention and further
refined it and started referring to it as a fuel cell.
• 1932 - Francis Bacon makes the first functional fuel cell.
• 1950 - General Electric creates the PEM fuel cell
• 1959 - Francis Bacon shows off his 5 kilowatt alkaline fuel cell
• 1960 - NASA starts using fuel cells in space.
• 1970 - Oil Crisis causes fuel cell popularity to increase.
• 1980 - United States Navy starts to equip submarines with fuel cells.
• 1990 – Stationary fuel cells are used to power buildings
• 2005 – Fuel cells start becoming available to the public.

3. FUEL CELL TYPES
Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM)
Picture provided by fueleconomy.gov

4. FUEL CELL TYPES
Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)
Picture courtesy of ynovex.com

5. FUEL CELL TYPES
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Picture courtesy of protonex.com

6. FUEL CELL TYPES
Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)
picture provided by http://energy-21.blogspot.com

7. FUEL CELL TYPES
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)
Picture provided by http://energy-21.blogspot.com

8. FUEL CELL TYPES
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)
Picture provided by http://energy-21.blogspot.com

9. EXAMPLES OF FUEL CELL VEHICLES
A few examples of Fuel cell vehicles include the Honda FCX Clarity and Toyota FCV-R.
Hyundai, Ford, Nissan, BMW, and GM are currently working on fuel cell vehicles for the near
future.
The image below shows the major components of Honda’s FCX Clarity
Picture provided by norcalcars.com

10. Bibliography
About Fuel Cells. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from Fuel Cell Today: http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/
Different types of fuel cells: which one will dominate the future? (2014, April 26). Retrieved from energy-
21.com: http://energy-21.blogspot.com/
Fuel Cell Program. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from Office of Naval Research Science & Technology:
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/Fact-Sheets/Fuel-Cell-Program.aspx
Fuel Cell Vehicles. (2014, April 25). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Energy:
https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml
Fuel Cells. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from Energy.gov:
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/fuelcells/fc_types.html
Fuel Cells. (2014, April 23). Retrieved from LIM Technology :
http://www.limtechnology.com/Pages/fuelcells.htm
Fuel cells For Sailing Boats. (2014, April 26). Retrieved from Ynovex Energy:
http://www.ynovex.com/fuel_cell/
History of Fuel Cells. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from SAE International:
http://www.sae.org/fuelcells/fuelcells-history.htm
How Fuel Cells Work. (2014, April 23). Retrieved from U.S. Department of Energy:
https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml
How To Define Anode and Cathode. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from About.com Chemistry:
http://chemistry.about.com/od/electrochemistry/a/How-To-Define-Anode-And-Cathode.htm
Hydrogen Energy. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from Renewable Energy World:
https://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_PEM.shtml
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology. (2014, April 26). Retrieved from Protonex:
http://www.protonex.com/technology/solid-oxide-fuel-cell
The 2009 Honda FCX – The World Green Car. (2014, April 26). Retrieved from Norcalcars.com:
http://blog.norcalcars.com/the-2009-honda-fcx-%E2%80%93-the-world-green-car/
Types of Fuel Cells. (2014, April 24). Retrieved from Fuel Cells 2000:
http://www.fuelcells.org/base.cgim?template=types_of_fuel_cells