Fish water productivity: a sinner's view
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Presented at the Pre-Forum BFP meeting, 7-8 November, 2008 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Fish water productivity: a sinner's view
- 1. Fish water productivity A sinner’s view
- 3. Fish stocks almost certainly under-estimated – even in Mekong 1500 1,000 Cambodia 800 Laos GVP, million $ GVP, million $ 1000 600 400 500 200 0 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Year Year Crop Livestock Fish low estimate Crop Livestock Fisheries Fish - high estimate 5000 Thailand 5000 Vietnam 4000 GVP, million $ 4000 GVP, million $ 3000 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 0 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Crop Livestock Fish low estimate Crop Year Livestock Inland fisheries Total Thai fish , Mekong agriculture
- 4. Ganges 1,167 bcm Simple story M eko ng 1,19 5 b cm Sa o Fr a nc i s c o 622 bcm Nile 2,042 bcm Suppy limit Capacity limit 1.0 Net runoff Indus Ganges 865 bcm ET / ETot p Sao Francisco Grassland ET Fish 0.5 Mekong Rainfed crops Lim popo 229 bcm Volta Crops Capture fisheries Nile Irrigation ET Limpopo likely to be Yellow River Livestock important in wet Karkeh Indus Yellow 384 bcm basins Irrigation Aquaculture 0.0 Andean elsewhere – 0.00 0.50markets permitting 1.00 1.50 2.00 K ar kheh 2 1, 4 0 2 mcm Rain / ETpot
- 5. Threats to fish stocks • More flow more fish - Dai fishery in Tonle Sap river • Expect flow changes (dams) to lead to decline in yield
- 6. Smoking fish, a women activity Valued-adding
- 7. Aquaculture more likely to meet expanding demand Capture Aquaculture
- 8. ‘water productivity’ • What we know • What we don’t know
- 9. we know… • …case studies showing fish CAN be important • Where present, fish provide special support. Triple systems in Africa – Fish, crops, cattle • Fish under-reported in statistics • 84%of global catch from 20 countries – 10 Asia, 7 Africa • Top 20 countries per capita fish catch – 4 in Asia (but includes Cambodia), 13 in Africa
- 10. We don’t know • If the concept of Wprod is useful for fish – More akin to livestock • Basic data on fish stocks – Consumption data vs recorded catch • How many people depend on fish • What happens to fish stocks if hydrology changes • What alternatives exist if fish stock is damaged
- 11. Are fish likely to be important?
- 12. Suggested structure • To evaluate ‘water productivity’ – Aquaculture that uses water abstracted • The most straightforward – Aquaculture integrated into livestock / cropping systems • More complex trade-offs – Capture fisheries • Mainly about evaluating the over-looked
- 13. Some sources • Some papers – Martin van Brakel et al. 2008. Water Productivity of fisheries. – Maya Rajasekharan 2008. Towards an understanding of fisheries water productivity – David Blake. 2006.The Songkhram River wetlands - A critical floodplain ecosystem of the Lower Mekong Basin – Chris Bene and Richard Friend. 2008. Water, poverty and inland fisheries: Some lessons from Africa and Asia.