The document discusses the examination process for a dental patient, including gathering the chief complaint, medical and dental history, and performing extraoral and intraoral examinations. It then summarizes the components of a removable partial denture, including the framework (made of cast metal), connectors, retainers, rests, and artificial teeth. Various types of major connectors for maxillary and mandibular partial dentures are described, including their structural details, indications, and advantages/disadvantages. Criteria for selecting different types of connectors are also outlined.

1. Patient Work Up
a. Patient Interview
b. Data gathering
1. Chief complaint
2. History of present illness
3. Medical history
4. Dental History
5. Extraoral examination
6. Intraoral examination
1

2. Intraoral examination
 1.Visual-
• Position of teeth
• Number of teeth
• Caries
• Condition of soft tissues
• Restorations present
• Oral Hygiene
• Design possibilities related to esthetics and
function
• Occlusion
• Vertical space
• Horizontal rel’n of mand-maxilla in centric &
eccentric positions

3. Intraoral examination
2. Digital and exploratory-
 Firmness of teeth
 Depth of pockets
 Extent of caries
 Sensitivity of teeth
 Condition of restorations present
 Condition of soft tissue
 Action of tongue and muscles
affecting denture borders

4. Intraoral examination
3. Roentgenographic
 Pathology ( cysts, tumors,
granulomas, etc)
 Amount of bone support
 Periodontal pockets
 Periodontal prognosis
 Caries
 Bone index areas

5. COMPONENTS OF RPD

6. Framework
The cast metal skeleton that provides support
for the remaining components of the
prosthesis.
Connectors
Join various parts of the partial together
Major connector
Minor connector

7. Retainer
Known as a clasp, it supports and provides
stability to the partial denture by partially
circling an abutment tooth.
Rest
A metal projection designed to control the
seating of the prosthesis.
Artificial teeth
Constructed from either acrylic or porcelain.

8. Components of RPD Framework
Cingulum extension Proximal plates
External Finish line
Minor connectors
Reciprocal compone
Of clasp assembly
0cclusal rest
Retentive
arm
Retentive arm

9. Unit of a partial denture framework
that connects all the parts of the prosthesis
located on one side of the arch to the
opposite side of the arch.

10. Maxillary Mandibular

12. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
1. SUPPORT – major requirement
2. PRESENCE OF PALATAL TORI – may
alter the requirements for the major connector
3. NEED FOR ANTERIOR TEETH
REPLACEMENT – requires a different
configuration
4. REQUIREMENT FOR INDIRECT
RETENTION – not a major item of concern

13. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
5. NEED TO STABILIZE WEAKENED
TEETH
6. PHONETIC CONSIDERATIONS
7. MENTAL ATTITUDE OF THE
PATIENT

14. 1. Palatal Strap
2. Double Palatal bar/
Anteroposterior bar (AP bar)
3. Palatal Horseshoe Connector
4. Full Palate Connector

15. PALATAL STRAP
Most versatile and
widely used
Can be made narrow or
wider
Rarely annoying
No interference to
phonetics and speech

16. PALATAL STRAP
INDICATIONS
1. Class III edentulous
areas
2. Tooth-bounded
edentulous spans
3. Minimal need for
palatal support
4. In cases where there
are 3 supporting
abutments.

17. PALATAL STRAP
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
 Should be wide and
thin.
 Areal coverage is
governed by the length
of edentulous span and
the amount of support
it requires.
 Anterior and posterior
borders of the strap
should be lightly
beaded.

18. PALATAL BAR
Narrow half-oval
Thickest point at the center
Gently curved

19. PALATAL BAR
Should not form a sharp angle at the
juncture with the denture base

20. PALATAL BAR
ADVANTAGE
as an interim partial denture
DISADVANTAGES
difficult to adjust
little support from the palate
limited to replacing one or two teeth on
each side

21. DOUBLE PALATAL BAR /
ANTEROPOSTERIOR (AP) BAR

22. DOUBLE PALATAL BAR /
ANTEROPOSTERIOR (AP) BAR
most rigid maxillary major connector
rely on the abutment teeth

23. DOUBLE PALATAL BAR /
ANTEROPOSTERIOR (AP) BAR
INDICATIONS
Anterior and posterior abutments are widely
separated.
Presence of torus palatinus
Patients with mental attitude
Replacement of anterior & posterior teeth
Class I, II, and IV arches

24. DOUBLE PALATAL BAR /
ANTEROPOSTERIOR (AP) BAR
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
 ANTERIOR BAR- should be wide and flat.
 BORDERS- positioned in the depression and
slopes of the rugae rather than on the crests.
 POSTERIOR BAR- slightly beaded
- located well back in the
palate, just anterior to the vibrating line.

25. PALATAL HORSESHOE /
U-SHAPED Major Connector
U-shaped connector U-shaped connector used in
replacing missing anterior conjunction with palatal
teeth reinforced backings

26. PALATAL HORSESHOE /
U-SHAPED Major Connector
INDICATIONS
1. Several anterior teeth are missing
2. Palatal torus that extend posteriorly
and cannot be covered
3. Periodontally weakened anterior teeth
require some stabilizing support
4. Deep palatal vault which needs
stabilization

27. PALATAL HORSESHOE /
U-SHAPED Major Connector
STRUCTURAL
DETAILS
- thin
- natural rugae
should be
reproduced
- beaded posterior
borders

28. PALATAL HORSESHOE /
U-SHAPED Major Connector
Least favorable
maxillary major
connector due to
its flexibility

29. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
All Cast Complete
Palate Major Connector All acrylic resin

30. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
Combination of Metal and
Acrylic Resin

31. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
All Metal
Avoid
overextensions
Slight beading

32. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
All Acrylic
Maximum adhesion and
seal
Remaining teeth have a
poor prognosis
Young patients
Short life expectancy of
denture
Alterations are needed

33. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
All Acrylic
Disadvantage
weaker and less
rigid than the metal

34. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
Provides ultimate rigidity and support
Wide distribution of the functional
load
Very little movement of the base
during function

35. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
 THIN
 Natural anatomy of the palate should be
reproduced
The material that covers the residual
ridges should be refitted easily
 POSTERIOR BORDER- can be made of
either metal or acrylic resin.

36. FULL PALATE CONNECTOR/
COMPLETE PALATAL COVERAGE
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
border must be precisely established
Metal slight bead should be provided
Acrylic post dam seal should be located in
the zone of the palate where the mucosa is resilient

37. SKELETAL DESIGN
provides less intrusion on to the tissues
thicker in cross-section

38. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
1. Requirement for Indirect Retention
2. Horizontal Stability and Stress Distribution
3. Anatomic Considerations
4. Esthetics
5. Contingency Planning
6. Patient Preference Factor

39. 1. Lingual bar
2. Kennedy bar or double lingual bar
3. Lingual plate
4. Labial bar
5. Sublingual bar

40. LINGUAL BAR
Simplest type
Should be used when
there are no
extraordinary
requirements
Better tolerated by
patients than any
other type of
mandibular connector

41. LINGUAL BAR
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
 SUPERIOR BORDER -
should clear the gingival
margins of the lower anterior
teeth by 2 to 3 mm.
 INFERIOR BORDER – must
not interfere with the lingual
frenum or with the
genioglossus muscle.

42. LINGUAL BAR
STRUCTURAL
DETAILS
 Should follow the
contour of the lingual
surface of the mandible,
with no actual contact
with the mucosa.
 0.5 mm – space
between the tissue and
the tissue-bearing
surface of the bar.

43. LINGUAL PLATE
Linguoplate, Lingual Strap
Lingual Apron, Lingual Shield

44. LINGUAL PLATE
STRUCTURAL DETAILS
 Upper border – placed in the middle third of the
lingual surface of anterior teeth.
 Metal should follow the contour of the lingual
surfaces.

45. LINGUAL PLATE
Must be left out
of the mouth for
at least 8 hours

46. LINGUAL PLATE
Plating is not confined to anterior teeth
but may be extended onto
the posterior teeth.

47. LINGUAL PLATE
(Other Considerations)
 Presence of lingual tori
 Abnormally high lingual frenum
 Heavy calculus formation
 Need for IR
 Stabilizer
 Contingency planning

48. LINGUAL PLATE
 encourage plaque formation

49. DOUBLE LINGUAL Bar /
KENNEDY Bar / SPLIT Bar
Continuous Lingual bar
Excellent indirect
retainer
Horizontal stability
Distributes stresses to
all teeth

50. DOUBLE LINGUAL Bar /
KENNEDY Bar / SPLIT Bar
INDICATIONS
Axial alignment of anterior teeth requires
excessive block out.
Presence of wide diastema.
Crowded anterior teeth.

51. DOUBLE LINGUAL Bar /
KENNEDY Bar / SPLIT Bar
STRUCTURAL
DETAILS
Presence of vertical
stop
Lower bar- should
conform to the design of
a lingual bar.

52. DOUBLE LINGUAL Bar /
KENNEDY Bar / SPLIT Bar
Allows free flow of
saliva and food
through the
interproximal
embrasures

53. Interrupted Double
Lingual Bar
 Modification of Kennedy Bar
 When the Kennedy bar is cosmetically
distracting because of a prominent
diastema
 The UPPER BAR is indiscernible.

54. Interrupted Lingual Plate
 Modification of lingual plate
 Large interdental spaces
 Lingual plate is divided into units ,
extended onto the lingual surfaces

55. LABIAL BAR
INDICATIONS
 Inoperable,large lingual torus.
 Severe inclination of lower anterior or
premolar teeth.

56. LABIAL BAR
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Same with lingual bar,
but a bit thinner.
Main Problem
ESTHETICS – bar is
positioned low into the
labial vestibule

57. STRUCTURAL DETAILS THAT
APPLY TO ALL
MAJOR CONNECTORS
Rigidity
Impingement of the Free Gingival
Margin
- at least 6 mm (maxillary)
- at least 3 mm (mandibular)
Avoidance of Dead-End Apertures
Border Contour
Beading the Borders