General Principles in Pharmacology

GENERAL PRINCIPLES http://crisbertcualteros.page.tl

GENERAL PRINCIPLES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHARMACOKINETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DEGREE OF IONIZATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

FORMULA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EX OF WEAK ACID WITH PKA OF 8 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EXAMPLE OF A WEAK BASE WITH PKA OF 8 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DISTRIBUTION OF DRUGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

METABOLISM/ BIOTRANSFORMATION OF DRUGS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHASE I METABOLISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHASE I METABOLISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHASE II METABOLISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DRUG METABOLISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DRUG METABOLISM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

EXCRETION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

QUANTITATIVE PHARMACOKINETICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DOSAGE REGIMEN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHARMACODYNAMICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PHARMACODYNAMICS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TARGET FOR DRUG ACTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

RECEPTORS Agonist Antagonist Beta adrenoreceptor Norepi- nephrine Propranolol Opiate (mu) Morphine Naloxone Dopamine (D2) Dopamine Bromocrip- tine Chlorpro- mazine Insulin insulin None known Estrogen receptors Ethinyl- estradiol Tamoxifen

ENZYMES INHIBITORS FALSE SUBSTRATE Cyclooxy- genase Aspirin Carbonic Anhydrase Acetazola- Mide Dihydrofolate reductase trimetoprin Monoamine oxidase B Selegiline Angiotensin convering enzymes Captopril

ION CHANNELS BLOCKERS MODULATORS Renal tubule Sodium channels Amiloride Aldosterone ATP sensitive K + channels ATP Cromokalin sulfonylureas GABA gated chloride channels Picrotoxin Benzodiazepines Voltage gated Ca ++ channels Divalent cations Beta-adrenoreceptor agonists

CARRIERS INHIBITORS FALSE SUBSTRATE Na + K + Cl co transporter Loop diuretics Na + K + pump Cardiac glycosides Proton pump Omeprazole Weak acid carrier(renal tubule) Probenecid

OVERVIEW OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT Lead Compound Efficacy Selectivity Mechanism Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Drug metabolism, safety assessment Phase 4 In vitro studies Animal Studies Clinical Testing Marketing 0 2 4 8 – 9 20 YEARS

Thank You! ,[object Object],[object Object]

General Principles in Pharmacology

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General Principles in Pharmacology