4E MYE 2014 Revision request

1. MYE 2014
Combined Humanities
P2
Elective Geography
Sec 4 Express
Quick Revision

2. Topics requested
• Regional Winds
–Monsoons
• Local Winds
–Land and Sea Breeze
• Landforms caused by plate tectonics
• Impacts of natural disasters on humans

3. Monsoon Winds
• A regional wind pattern
• Brings seasonal changes in
precipitation
• Affected by Coriolis effect
• Northern hemisphere -> deflects to
the right
• Southern hemisphere -> deflects to
the left
• Coriolis effect is stronger nearer the
poles and weaker near the equator

4. Monsoon Winds
• For purposes of study, we will use the monsoon winds
blowing between Asia and Australia as an example
• You should keep the following background knowledge
that you ALREADY HAVE…
– Summer = Higher Temp, Winter = Lower
Temp
– High Temp = Low pressure, Low Temp =
High pressure
– Concept of relief rain and rain shadow
– Coriolis Effect: North = Right and South =
Left

5. Southwest Monsoon (pg 88, figure 2.26)
• June to September
• Summer in northern hemisphere, winter in
southern hemisphere
• Winds move from Australia (south) to Asia
(north)
• From Australia, wind moves as southeast
monsoon
• As it crosses the equator, it deflects to
become southwest monsoon
• The air picks up moisture over Indian Ocean
and brings heavy rain to India

6. Northeast Monsoon (pg 88, figure 2.27)
• October to February
• Summer in southern hemisphere, winter
in northern hemisphere
• Winds move from Asia (north) to
Australia (south)
• From Asia, wind moves as northeast
monsoon
• As it crosses the equator, it deflects to
become northwest monsoon
• The air picks up moisture over Indian
Ocean and brings heavy rain to Australia

7. Possible Question Types
• With reference to a location explain the impact of
monsoons on rainfall / agriculture / lifestyle of
that area. (eg, India, Singapore, Malaysia)
• Map given to show an area of the earth with
wind direction. Asked to explain the wind pattern
shown/observed. (map of Australasia)
• Climograph of an area that experiences monsoon
climate (peak rainfall and overall high
temperature). Asked to identify the climate type
shown as well as describe the Climograph.

8. Local Winds
Land Breeze and Sea Breeze

9. Land Breeze
• Coastal effect experienced at night
• Sea retains heat better at night, air parcel
above the sea is warmer.
• Warmer air rises up, leaving a vacuum.
• The cooler air above the land rushes out to
the sea.
• This movement of air from land to sea forms
the land breeze

10. Land Breeze Diagram

11. Sea Breeze
• Coastal effect experienced in the day
• The air above the land heats up faster than
the air above the water.
• Warmer air rises up, leaving a vacuum.
• The cooler air above the sea rushes into the
land.
• This movement of air from sea to land forms
the sea breeze

12. Possible Questions
• Scenario where person experiences land or
sea breeze. Explain what is the phenomenon
shown.
• Data of wind direction and wind speed
recording at seaside/ coastal area.
– Explain what is shown by the data, explain the
phenomenon.

13. Landforms caused by Plate
Tectonics

14. Review Comparison Table
Plate boundary type Associated landforms Example
Divergent
Oceanic-Oceanic Deep sea ridge Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Divergent
Continental-Continental Rift Valley Great African Rift Valley
Convergent
Oceanic-Oceanic Deep Sea Trench, Volcanoes,
Volcanic Islands
Mariana Trench, Mariana
Islands, Pacific plate and the
Philippine plate
Convergent
Oceanic-Continental Deep Sea Trench, subduction
zone, Volcanoes, Fold
mountains
Sunda Trench, Barisan
mountains, Australian plate and
the Eurasian plate
Convergent
Continental-Continental Deep sea trench, subduction
zone, fold mountains
Himalayas, Eurasian plate and
the Indian plate

15. Continental-Continental plate convergence
• When two equally dense continental plates
converge.
• There will still be a subduction occurring for
one of the plates. However there is a large
amount of friction built-up before it occurs.
• The strong force generated also causes
folding.
• At such plate boundaries, large mountain
ranges tend to form. (Himalaya)

16. Oceanic-Continental plate convergence
• When an oceanic plate converges with a
continental plate.
• The dense oceanic plate is forced down into
the mantle.
• A deep sea trench is often formed at the
subduction zone.
• The continental plate folds and forms fold
mountains and volcanoes
• Volcanoes tend to be a result if melted magma
is able to rise up through cracks in the crust
back to the surface.

17. Possible Question Types
• With reference to diagram shown (either
Constructive / Destructive / Transform
boundary), explain what is occuring and what
are some possible effects experienced in the
area.
• With the aid of a diagram, explain what occurs
at a constructive/destructive/transform
boundary.

18. Factors affecting earthquake damage
• Population Density
• Level of Preparedness
• Distance from epicentre
• Time of occurance
• Soil type

19. Possible Questions
• ‘Factor’ is the most improtant factor in
chances of survival in an earthquake. How far
do you agree with this statement?
• ‘natural disaster 1’ is the most devastating
form of natural disaster to humans and their
property. How far do you agree with this
statement?