1. The innovation in the plan of the current floor:
Zoning in blocks of flats for the middle class in
the first half of the 20th century
Maria BOSTENARU DAN
ERGOROM ’99
and
“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning
2. Overview
Introduction
Research methodology
Originality and innovative nature of the project
Timeliness of the project
Research results
Romania
Italy
Greece
Conclusions
3. Introduction
Morphological elements of a system
Container: the frame of spaces, related in
functional-spatial co-operation into the spatial
structure (physical level)
Contents: activities (phenomenologic level)
The activity dimensions a space
Modern Movement: look for new housing
more solving of society problems than
aesthetics
4. Introduction
1933 Athens Charter
1934 Master Plan in Bucharest
Reinforced concrete and flexibility –
materials, multidisciplinarity
In this study: blocks of flats for the middle
class – sociology of architecture
5. State of the art in research
Ákos Moravánszky: former Austro-
Hungarian empire
János Bonta and John Macsai (Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Poland)
Richard Etlin, Annegret Burg (Novecento):
Italy, Bruno Zevi and Daniel Libeskind:
Giuseppe Terragni
6. State of the art in research
Horia Creangă, Marcel Janco centenaries,
Duiliu Marcu own book
Last year: NEC seminar on Modernism in
the Balkans, Rudolf Fränkel exhibition,
urban route Marcel Janco (e-cart.ro)
Greek architecture in the 20th century
(Savos Condaratos)
7. Research methodology
Nr
.
Objective Method Instruments
1 Documentation Literature
Field
archive
Check-lists
Photography
schemes
2 Comparison Comparison tree criteria
3 Model Systemic analysis Inventory of spaces
Project management
4 Definition of the
character of a zone
texture morphology
5 Characteristics to be
maintained
Classification of elements Data tables
drawings
6 Lessons learned Social participation indicators
7 Dissemination Public presentation Conferences, journals,
web
8. Originality and innovation
Former studies: facade and style
Fostering innovation in the employment of
construction materials, especially in
housing construction
Switch of values: Novecento instead
Italian Rationalism
9. Originality and innovation
Other Modernisms
Difference Modernism – Avantgarde
Multi-family condominium housing as field of
the modern architecture and not siedlungen
as in classic modernism
Character of the zone
Textures, human activities
Social purposes today: participatism,
environmental problems
10. Timeliness of the project
Other focus than existing publications
Comparative study of typologically related
buildings (architectural programme: block)
not in geographically close areas
Lessons for restoration interventions today
Lessons for new buildings
11. Research results: Romania
Impact of apartment buildings bigger than
any other housing
Strong economy, private enterprise
Deviations from mainstream movement
dicated by the market
Condominium, like in Greece, until today
Double entrance
Ottulescu building: free plan in an apartment
block
14. Research results: Romania
Elena Ottulescu
building, architect
Horia Creang ,ă
1934-35
Bedroom / night zone
Living room, including dinning
Corridors / circulation zone
Bathrooms, toillets
Kitchen
Hall / vertical circulation
Deposit / external circulation
Legend:
15. Research results: Italy
Two directions
Rationalism (contextual Modernism)
Giuseppe Terragni
Novecento
Decorative
Geometrical
Novecento: function bound housing
typologies, condominium
Zoning: function groups, double entrance
20. Research results: Italy
Novecento
Building in Via Domenichino,
architects Lancia i Pontiş
1928-30
Liv in g ro o m , d in n in g
Ba thro o m , to ile ts
Kitche n
Ha ll
C o rrid o rs / circu la tio n z o n e
De p o sit
Be d ro o m / Nig h t z o n e
21. Research results: Greece
1929 – ownership system for multistorey
apartments
Housing in private hand, seen to be unique,
but similar to Romania and Portugal
Training in Germany, little in France
zonation
Zaimi and Stournary street example: „ressemble
Italian rationalism“ – to be investigated
Double entrance
23. Greece
Bedroom / night zone
Living room, including dinning
Corridors / circulation zone
Bathrooms, toillets
Kitchen
Hall / vertical circulation
Deposit / external circulation
Legend:
building on Zaimi
and Stournari
streets, architects
Valentis and
Michailidis,
1933 – 1934
24. Discussion
Seismic vulnerability:
Flexibility of RC, irregular parcels
Irregularity of plan
Integrate modern buildings into city routes
across Europe (Bucharest, Ivrea, Ljubljana)
Retrofit and restoration
More aging restoration at Rationalism than
Novecento
Example for social multifamily: Germany
29. Conclusions
PIANO project set-up and first results
Other modernisms: social housing in the
West, rapid economic development in
Bucharest, Athens, Milan but also Lisbon
Break with single family housing
Reinforced concrete: subject of another
paper