1. Text
Texture Ties Cohesion
Reference Reference Grammatical Cohesion Lexical Cohesion
Substitution Substitution
Ellipses Ellipses Reference Conjunction
Conjunction Conjunction Substitution
Lexical Cohesion Lexical Cohesion Ellipses
Reference
Reference
Exophora Endophora
Anaphora Cataphora
Speaker Only I

2. Speaker
Speaker Plus we
Addressee (s) you
Male he
Personal Reference Human
Singular Female she
Non human it
Specific
Plural they
Generalized Human one
Neutral the
Near
Reference Demonstrative Reference near: far:
Far (not near)
Singular: this that
Select
Participant
Plural: these those
Place: here there
Circumstance
Time: now then
Identity same equal identical, identically
General
Similarity such similar, so similarly likewise
Comparative Reference Difference other different else, differently otherwise
Numerative more fewer less further additioal
Particular
Epithet comparative adjectives and adverbs
Substitution

3. Nominal Substitution (one/ones, same)
Substitution Verbal Substitution (Do)
Clausal Substitution (so, not)