The document discusses options for harnessing ocean energy in Panama to generate electricity. It identifies tidal, wave, and ocean thermal energy conversion as alternatives. It also explores expanding hydroelectric, building new thermoelectric facilities, using alternative fuels, and developing solar and wind energy. Significant population growth is increasing electricity demand beyond existing hydroelectric capacity.

1. Ocean Energy- Panama Carlos Sanfilippo, CITEM Charles Warner, CW Engineering, SA

6. THIS demands more energy...

7. Than this...

10. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

11. Wave Energy Wave Energy Probably more appropriate for Caribbean Coast, Although there are some potential sites in Western Panama.

13. Tidal Barrage Tidal Barrage

14. In Stream Tidal In Stream Tidal

15. Another Turbine Style

16. Turbine Farm

17. Combined Barrage and In Stream Combined Barrage and In Stream

18. Low Tide

19. Flood Tide

20. High Tide

21. Ebb Tide

23. Bayano Hydro-electric faclity

29. Thermo-electric Facilities

34. Solar Requires a Lot of Land On average this 25-hectare farm is expected to deliver 0.7 MW (17 000 kWh per day) ( 10 W/m2 ) A 32 m2 reflector delivers up to 10 kW of heat and 1.5 kW of electrical power. 80 W/m2 of heat and 12 W/m2 of electricity “ T he world’s most powerful solar power plant,” has sun-tracking panels occupying 60 hectares, expected to generate 2.3 MW on average. That’s a power per unit area of 3.8 W/m2

37. Cost Comparison of Various Options

38. Issues and Benefits of Various Options

39. Proposed Site for Tidal Energy Project

40. Other Potential Sites