This document discusses various concepts related to cultural interfaces and interface criticism. It provides an overview of relevant literature on these topics, including works by Bertelsen and Pold, Gaver, and Manovich. Some key concepts covered are metaphors, metonyms, remediation, stylistic references, standards, materiality, genres, hybridity, representations, and challenges to user expectations. Examples are given of how these concepts could be applied in analyzing specific websites.

1. WK’08 - uge 40
Interfacet

2. Litteratur
Bertelsen, O. W. & Pold, S. (2004). Criticism as an Approach to Interface Aesthetics. In
Proceedings of NordiCHI 2004. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1028018
William W. Gaver: “Oh What a Tangled Web We Weave: Metaphor and Mapping in
Graphical Interfaces”. http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223669/p270-gaver.pdf?
key1=223669&key2=7385434401&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&CFID=7441094&CFTOKEN=4ber
Manovich, Lev: “The Language of Cultural Interfaces” in The Language of New Media,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pp. 69-93. Findes som manusversion, på Google
Books eller biblioteket http://books.google.com/books?
id=7m1GhPKuN3cC&printsec=frontcover&dq=manovich&lr=&ei=EcTKSOC3EpXIigGFyeiA
DA&sig=ACfU3U0-vcWQShMPel8cbxbms5s1rH9EMA#PPT59,M1 Manus: http://
manovich.net/LNM/Manovich.pdf (side 75-115)
P Barr, R Biddle, J Noble. A taxonomy of user interface metaphors. Proceedings of
SIGCHI-NZ Symposium On Computer-Human Interaction, 2002 - mcs.vuw.ac.nz. http://
www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/~chikken/research/papers/chinz2002/barr_chinz2002.pdf

3. Apple Macintosh (1984)
Desktopmetafor
Ikonet som ideologi
3

4. Det kulturelle interface
Lev Manovich
To fremtidsvisioner
Ridley Scott:
Blade Runner (1982)
Postmoderne dystopi
Apple: 1984
Klarhed og funktionalitet
4

5. Bolter og Grusin
“Remediation”
Nye medier som en reformulering af ældre.
Fungerer både på indholds- og formniveau
5

6. Det kulturelle interface
Lev Manovich
Tekst: siden og rullen, tekstlig organisering (index,
hypertekst, tekstsøgning, skriftlig input (keyboard),
etc.)
Film: kameraet, rumliggørelse, skærmen, filmsprog
(montage, kamerabevægelser (zoom, tilt, pan,
travelling, etc.), (VR + VRML)
HCI: menuer, knapper, værktøjer, funktioner,
kontrolpaneler, arbejdsmetaforer
6

7. Tekst
7

8. Film
8

9. HCI
9

12. Hvad er en metafor
Mapping som strategi
Forskel som motor
fx. abstrakt til konkret
http://www.pot8oz.dk
12

13. Eksempel på metaforbrug på tekstniveau
13

15. Hvorfor bruge metaforer?
Kontekstualisere
Sprogligt overskud/udsmykning
nyskabelser m.v.
Brug af fortællerstemme
hvem taler?
15

16. Hvad er en metonymi
Sammenhæng: årsag, sted, tid
Metonymi
http://www.pianovaerkstedet.dk/
Synekdoke - pars pro toto
http://www.tour-eiffel.fr/teiffel/fr/documentation/
structure/index.html
16

17. Eksempel på metonymisk
betydningsproduktion
17

18. William Gaver: Oh What a
Tangled Web We Weave:
Metaphor and Mapping in
Graphical Interfaces
Conceptual mapping
Perceptual mapping
Appearance
Function
18

19. Gaver
19

20. Summeøvelse
Hvilken organisation eller hvilket firma repræsenterer
ikonerne.
Hvad betyder ikonerne
20

21. Summeøvelse
21

23. Problem
At visualisere et begreb, en funktion, et emneområde:
http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/
http://www.dkds.dk/Uddannelsen/Optagelse

24. Interfacekritik
Bertelsen og Pold: “Criticism as an Approach to
Interface Aesthetics”
Humanistisk OG datalogisk (den skandinaviske skole)
perspektiv

25. Stylistic references
Analyze stylistic references in the interface (e.g. Mac
OS vs. X11, renaissance vs. baroque).

26. Renaissance
http://
www.tickitaly.com/
images/tickets/last-
supper/vinci-supper.jpg

27. Det barokke
http://
witcombe.sbc.edu/
baroquetheory/images/
bronzinolawrence.jpg

28. Standards
Identify the use of standards and the conformance to
tradition
simplesoft.dk

30. Materiality and remediation
Consider the materiality of the interface (e.g. code,
algorithms, pixels) and discuss how it is used.
Consider how the interface draws on the materiality of
other media (e.g. text pages, photography, cinematic
language, control panels).
Discuss immediacy and hypermediacy in the interface.

33. Remediering
Bolter & Grusin: ”Remediation”
Immediacy Hypermediacy
”Kigge gennem” • ”Kigge på”
Transparens • Tydeliggør medieringen
33

34. Genre
Identify and consider various genres in the interface.
[genre vs. stil]

35. Hybridity
Discuss the interface as a hybrid between the
functional (control interface) and the cultural interface.

36. Representations
Identify representational techniques and analyze how
they work (e.g. realistic and naturalistic representations
vs.symbolic and allegorical representations).

37. Challenges to expectations
& developmental potentials
Identify challenges to users expectations.
Consider the developmental potentials. How is
development in use supported? How may the
interface support the development of unanticipated
use?

38. Øvelse
http://www.startour.dk/
Diskuter sitet i fht. Manovichs kulturelle interface og flg.
punkter i Bertelsen og Polds interfacekritik
stylistic references, standards, materiality and
remediation, genres, hybrid, challenges to user
expectations
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