1. SEA
ECOSYSTEM

2. ZONES:
1. Littoral Zone
*Subtidal Zone
*Supratidal Zone
*Intertidal Zone
2. Neritic Zone
3. Pelagic Zone
*Epipelagic Zone
*Mesopelagic Zone
*Bathypelagic Zone
*Abyssopelagic Zone
4. Photic/ Euphotic
Zone
5. Aphotic Zone

3. The STRATIFICATION is determined
by:
*Degree of light penetration
*Temperature
*Oxygen supply
THEREFORE:
Different ZONES receive different
amount of sunlight and nutrients.

4. LITTORAL ZONE:
Area between the lines of high and low tide. It
is a habitat of extreme physical change from
AQUATIC to TERRESTRIAL.
What causes tides?
*created by the gravitational pull of the moon
and to a lesser extent of the sun upon the
Earth's ocean.

5. *SUPRATIDAL ZONE
Highest level reached by water during high
tide.
*SUBTIDAL ZONE
Line of average low tide.
*INTERTIDAL ZONE
Line between the supratidal and subtidal
zone.

6. INHABITED BY:
* Mollusks
* Crustaceans
* Algae and other marine plants

7. NERITIC ZONE:
Portion of the sea over the continent shelf
with depths down about 200 m. The largest
and most productive zone.

8. PELAGIC ZONE
It is also called as "OPEN OCEAN"
*EPILAGIC ZONE is closest to the surface and
stretches down 200m. An abundance of light
allows for photosynthesis by plants.
*MESOPELAGIC ZONE begins at 200m down
and reaches a depth of 1000m and has a
little light but not enough photosynthesis to
occur.

9. *BATHYPELAGIC ZONE is 1000-4000 m.
Subzone containing the infrequent
bioluminiscent organism. Animals survive
mostly on the detritus that drifts down from
the epilagic zone.
Animals rise at night for food.
*ABYSSOPELAGIC ZONE is 4000m to direct
above the ocean floor and is completely dark
area. This zone consists of
bacteria, decomposers and detritus feeders.

10. *EUPHOTIC/PHOTIC ZONE is an area where
light penetrated the water
*APHOTIC ZONE is an area which is not
penetrated by light.

11. INHABITED BY:
*various kind of fishes
*some aquatic mammals
*crustaceans
*mollusks
*coelenterates

12. Three main types of fishes:
1. JAWLESS FISHES
2. CARTILAGINOUS FISHES
3. BONY FISHES

13. ART OF SELF-DEFENCE
*Hiding themselves (CAMOUFLAGE)
*Creatures use weapons to repel their
enemies:
>Stinging Spines located at their bodies and
fins.
>discharging electric energy

14. >PORCUPINE FISH- turns into a prickly globe
too big to be swallowed by most fish.
>SQUID AND OCTOPUS- squirting ink
>NO WEAPON: pair up with another creature
that is better armed.