2. 1. Group the class into 5 groups
2. Each group must appoint for a leader
and secretary.
3. Once you hear “what is your score” the
group must announce their score.
4. The first group who announce their
score will get an additional points.
5. Highest score gets 10pts- 8 pts- 6 pts- 4
pts.-2 pts
11. 4. The state of being reasonable, the
ability to understand experiences in
order to solve problems or do tasks,
and engage in decision making and
judgment.
16. LET’S PONDER
Read and Reflect on the selection.
Bless the lord, o my soul
O Lord, my God, thou art great;
Thou art clothed with honour and majesty
Who converted thyself with light as with a garment
Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain:
17. Who layeth the beams of his chambers in the waters;
Who maketh the clouds his chariot;
Who walketh upon the wings of the wind:
Who maketh his angels spirits, his ministers a
flaming fire.
Who laid the foundations of the earth, that it
should not be removed for ever.
….. He sendeth the springs into the valleys, which
run among the hills.
18. ….he watereth the hills from his chambers: the
earth is satisfied with the fruit of thy works.
He causeth the grass to grow for the cattle, and
herb for the service of man:
That he may bring forth food out of the earth…
O Lord, how manifold are thy works in wisdom hast
thou made them all:
The earth is full of thy riches.
Psalm 104; 1-5, 10, 13-15, 24
19. QUESTIONS:
1. What thoughts and ideas are conveyed by the
psalm?
2. What are your personal thoughts on the soul
or spirit?
3. What are your personal thoughts on God?
20. ABSTRACTION
What is the SPIRIT?
Any discussion on the nature person
inevitably leads to a discussion on the
nature of the human and soul or SPIRIT,
the immortal, non corporal essence of
man.
21. In the Bible, the word “spirit” is
translated from the Hebrew
word ruʹach and the Greek
word pneuʹma. Most often, those
words refer to God’s active force, or
holy spirit. (Genesis 1:2) However, the
Bible also uses those words in other
senses:
22. •Breath.—Habakkuk 2:19; Revelation 13:15.
•Wind.—Genesis 8:1; John 3:8.
•The vital, or animating, force in living
creatures.—Job 34:14, 15.
•A person’s disposition or attitude.—Numbers
14:24.
•Spirit persons, including God and the
angels.—1 Kings 22:21; John 4:24.
23. The notion of the soul is prevalent in various
cultures and religions. In particular, major
monotheistic religions such as Judaism, Islam, and
Christianity believe that man is the only being with
a soul. Other religions such as Jainism and
Hinduism on the other hand, recognizes that other
living beings also possess souls. For animistic
religion such as Shintoism, non-living things such as
mountains and rivers also possess a soul.
25. SPIRIT
1.the principle of conscious life; the vital
principle in humans, animating the body or
mediating between body and soul.
2.the incorporeal part of humans:
present in spirit though absent in body.
3.the soul regarded as separating from the
body at death.
26. Embodiment – is a central concept in
discussing the nature of the human soul. Is
primarily based on discussion on the nature of
human consciousness.
Psychologists have defined man’s embodiment
as embodied cognition – that mean is able to
perceive and experience reality through his
physical body.
28. Enactivism Theory – states that cognition
arises through the interaction between an
organism and its environment.
For humans, the notion of the self arises
through the interaction between the
individual and his environment, and such
interaction is influenced largely by the
individual’s particular physiology.
29. Christian Doctrine:
- Spirit is created by God.
- Embodied in the human being.
- If body demise – the spirit continues to
persist into the afterlife.
- Salvation of mankind – receive
judgement of God
31. The ancient Greek Philosophers have
proposed varied ideas on the nature of
the spirit.
Plato believed that the human spirit or
soul is composed of three parts:
Logos – the mind or reason
Thymos – emotion
Eros - desire
32. LOGOS- derived from a Greek word meaning
"ground", "plea", "opinion", "expectation",
"word", "speech", "account", "reason",
"proportion", "discourse", Heraclitus (c. 535–475
BCE), who used the term for a principle of order
and knowledge. Logos is the logic behind an
argument. Logos tries to persuade an audience
using logical arguments and supportive
evidence. Logos is a persuasive technique often
used in writing and rhetoric.
33. THYMOS -(philosophy, in Platonic
philosophy) that area of
the soul where feelings
of pride, indignation, shame etc are
located
34. EROS - was the Greek god of sexual
attraction. His Roman counterpart
was Cupid ("desire"). Some myths
make him a primordial god, while in
other myths, he is the son
of Aphrodite. He was one of the
winged love gods, Erotes.
36. Aristotle on the other
hand, regarded the soul
as integrated into the
human body; the soul is
the part of man’s
essence which enable
him to achieve his
ultimate purpose.
38. RELATIONSHIP OF MIND AND BODY:
Mind and Body Problem – considers
the question of how the mental or
nonphysical are able to interact with
the physical body, and to what extend
one influences the other.
39. Physicalism – believes that physical
processes determine the state of the mind.
Idealism – an opposite view, holds that mental
processes and thoughts are only reality.
Monism – argues that the human being is
composed of elements that are neither physical
nor mental.
Dualism – believes in the distinctiveness of the
physical and mental nature of mind.
40. Avicenna – the Islamic
philosopher, argued that
self-awareness and
consciousness exists even
if the body deprived on it
own senses.
41. Rene Descartes –
proposed that the
mind and body exist
as two separate
entities which interact
with one another.
42. Religious Philosopher:
St. Thomas Aquinas – believed
that the soul is the “first actuality”
of the body; for there to be a
body, there should be first be a
soul.
The soul has substance but has no physical or
concrete form, and is able to exist even without
the body.
43. St. Augustine -
considered the
soul the driving
force which
governs the body
and defines the
human person.
44. Question:
1. How does embodiment explain the
existence of the human spirit?
2. What are the various views
regarding the relationship between
the body and the spirit?
Application
