given above is the summary about different infections to make them easy to memorize for nursing students.

1. GIT Infections
Name of
infection
Causative
Agent
morphology Source of
infection
Portal
of entry
Pathogene-
sis
Sign &
symptoms
Treatment control
Typhoid Salmonella typhi Gram negative rod,
motile, non capsulated,
non sporing
Contaminated
food & water
Oral fecal
route
S. typhi reach
the small
intestine
Enter the
lymphatic
Bacteremia
Multiplication
in intestinal
lymph node
High Fever,
malaise,
headache,
constipation.
Spleen & liver
become
enlarged. Rose
spots on the skin
of chest &
abdomen.
Chloramphini
col,
ampicillin,
Prevent
contamination of
food with organisms,
carriers should not be
involved in cooking
& control by five Fs:
Fly, feaces, finger,
food & friend
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Gram negative comma
shaped, motile, non
capsulated, non sporing
Contaminated
food & water
Oral fecal
route
Attachment with
microvilli of
epithelial cell
Multiply
Release of
cholera toxin
Increased level
of cyclic AMP
Hyper secretion
of water &
electrolyte
Nausea,
vomiting,
diarrhea with
abdominal
cramp. Rice
watery stool
contains mucus,
epithelial cells &
large number of
epithelial cells.
Water &
electrolyte
replacement
Prevent
contamination of
food with organisms
by five Fs:
Fly, feaces, finger,
food & friend
Ascariasis Ascaris
lumbricoid
Round worm Contaminated
food
particularly
raw
vegetables
Oral fecal
route
Eggs hatch in
intestine
Reach to blood
stream
Lungs
Damage to air
sacs
Dry cough,
fever, difficulty
in breathing, loss
of appetite, &
loss of weight
Pirate pamate
mebendazole
Prevent
contamination of
food particularly raw
vegetables with
organisms
Teniasis Tenia solium
Tenia saginata
Long, flat ribbon like
worm that is divided
into segments called
proglottids
Pork
Beef
Oral fecal
route
Eggs hatch in
intestine
Reach to blood
stream
Disseminate to
different organs
No obvious
symptoms.
Intestinal
discomfort, loss
of vision,
headache,
muscular
paralysis &
seizures.
niclosamide Prevent
contamination of
food vegetables with
organisms
mumps Spherical, RNA
containg virus
Contaminated
food & water
Oral fecal
route
Virus replicate
in URT
epithelial cells
viremia,
virus
disseminate to
parotid gland &
other body
organ
Swelling of
parotid gland
with pain,
malaise,
anorexia & a low
grade fever.
No specific
chemotherapy
MMR vaccine

2. CNS Infections
Name
of
infecti
on
Causative Agent morphology Source of
infection
Portal
of entry
Pathogene-
sis
Sign &
symptoms
Treatment control
Polio Polio virus - Picorna virus family
-Icosahedral symmetry
-RNA containing virus
Contaminated
food & water
Oral fecal
route
Consumption
of Contaminate
food
virus multiply
in oropharynx /
intestine
viremia
CNS invasion ,
multiplication
& intraneural
spread
High level of
Ab
paralysis
Abortive polio:
-Most common
- Minor illness
with fever,
malaise,
drowsiness,
headache,
nausea,
vomiting
constipation &
sore throat.
- Non paralytic
polio:
- with above
symptoms pain
in neck & back,
less chances of
paralysis
Paralytic polio:
Above
mentioned
symptoms &
paralysis of
lower part of the
body.
Reduction of
pain
maintenance
of respiration
& hydration ,
early
mobilization
& exercises
Killed virus (Salk)
vaccine
- live virus ( sabin )
vaccine / oral vaccine
Tetanus Clostridium. tetani Gram positive rod,
motile, capsulated,
sporing, anaerobic,
Soil
contaminated
with feaces of
cattle
- any
break in
the skin
- surgical
sutures
umbilical
stump
Spores enter in
the wound
through
contaminated
Soil
Spores
convert into
vegetative cell
Toxin
(tetanospasmin)
production
Toxin reach to
CNS through
nerves / blood
Toxin fixed to
ganglioside &
brain stem
Inhibit the
release of
acetylcholene
Generalized
muscular
spasm, hyper
reflexia
&seizures
-convulsive
contraction of
voluntary
muscles
- muscular
spasm at the site
of injury & in
the jaw ( lock
jaw) mouth
cannot be
opened
- seizures
- arching of the
back
Respiratory
failure
-Tetanus
antitoxin
-antitetanus
serum ATS
- Penicillin
- DPT
- tetanus toxoid
- awareness program

3. Skin Infections
Name
of
infectio
n
Causative Agent morphology Source of
infection
Portal
of entry
Pathogene-
sis
Sign &
symptoms
Treatment control
Measles Measles virus - Paramyxo virus
-spherical symmetry
-RNA containing virus
Infected
person
Direct
contact,
inhalation
Virus multiply
in RT
Spread to
regional lymph
node &
multiply
Viremia
Virus replicate
in epithelial
surface of the
body which
includes skin,
RT &
conjunctiva
Coryza, cough,
conjunctivitis,
fever &
Koplik’s spots
in mouth
( small, bluish
white ulceration
on the bucal
mucosa,
opposite the
lower molars)
No antibiotic
but antibiotic
can be use for
super
bacterial
infections
MMR