1. Earth’s Interior and
Plate Tectonics
Earth’s
Interior Weathering
Physical
and Plate and Erosion
Evidence Weatheri
Tectonics for Plate ng
What is
Earth’s Tectonics
Chemical
Interior Weatheri
like Transform ng Erosion
Fault
Boundaries
Earthquake
Plate
Convergent
Minerals
Tectonics s and
Plate and Rocks
Boundaries
Volcanoes
Divergent How old
Plate What are Structure are Rocks
Boundaries Earthquake Volcanoes and
s Origin of
Rocks

2. The Rock Cycle
Cementation
Cementation
Weathering
Sedimentary
Sediment Sediment
Heat and/or
pressure
Weathering Weathering
Heat and/or
pressure
Copy
on a Metamorphic Igneous
poster Melting Cooling
board
Magma & Lava

3. Rocks and Minerals
ROCKS –
All rocks are made of 2 or more minerals, but minerals are not
made of rocks.
There are many common names for rocks and the
usually give you an idea of how big the rock is.

4. Rocks and Minerals
Rock Words:
1. mountain - huge, giant hunk of rock that is still
attached to the earth's crust, doesn't move, tall
2. boulder - large, taller than a person
3. rock - large, you could get your arms around it or a
bit smaller but it is usually jagged, broken off a
bigger piece of rock
4. river rock - round rocks that are along the edge & at
the bottom of fast-flowing rivers

5. Rocks and Minerals
5. stone - medium, you could hold it in two hands
6. pebble - small, you can hold it with two fingers,
could get stuck in your shoe, usually rounded
7. sand - made up of tiny pieces of rock, grains of sand
8. grain - tiny, like a grain of rice or smaller, often
found on a beach
9. dust - really fine powder that is mixed in with sand
or soil
10. speck - as in a speck of dirt

6. Rocks and Minerals
Rocks are composed of
Minerals
Rocks
dolomite Mica Minerals are non-living
substances with definite
Calcite internal structure
Olivine
Quartz
Coal
Granite
Pyroxine Clay
Feldspar amphibole

7. Igneous Rock
 Igneous Rocks are
molten rocks that
cooled and
solidified.
 Nearly all igneous
rocks are made of
crystals of various
minerals.

8. Igneous Rock
 The faster the rock
cools the less the
crystals grow.

9. Igneous Rock
 Obsidian rocks are
smooth stones
used by early
American Indians
to make tools.
 Their composition
is much like that of
granite.

10. Igneous Rock
 Obsidian becomes
smoother as they
cool much more
quickly.
 Because they cool
more quickly, they
have less or no
crystals.

11. 2 kinds of Igneous Rock

12. 2 kinds of Igneous Rock
 Extrusive igneous
rock cools on
Earth’s surface.

13. 2 kinds of Igneous Rock
 Intrusive igneous
rock forms from
magma that cools
while trapped
beneath Earth’s
surface.
 They are insulated
and cools off
slowly

14. 2 kinds of Igneous Rock
 Because of long
cooling period, the
crystals form.
 Crystals on
intrusive igneous
are larger than
those on extrusive
igneous.

15. Weathering
 Weathering is the process by which rocks are
broken down as follows:
 Pieces of boulders fall down hillsides due to
gravity, wind or rain.
 Rivers carry rocks down into deltas, lakes or
the sea.
 Waves beating against cliffs.

16. Weathering
 Gravity, waves, rivers, wind, etc. break the pieces
into pebbles, sand and even smaller pieces.
 As pieces of rock accumulate, they can form
another type of rock: Sedimentary rock.
 Page 578: Read “Remains of Older rocks and
organisms form sedimentary rocks.
 Explain the two ways loose sediment become a
rock.