This is a report that was finished in 2011, a report focusing on a hypothetical client doing plant healthcare practices. It contains subjects from typical pests to city trees, seasonal maintenance, and pruning techniques used to solve various urban tree healthcare problems. The tree species were picked at random in Lindsay Ontario and these problems are factual and dealt with accordingly.

1. CLIENT REPORT
PLANT HEALTH CARE
Sir Sandford Fleming College
Winter Semester
March 31, 2011
By: David Kearns
10026688
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2. CLIENT INFORMATION
Case Number: 000001
Property Owner: Duke Richards Contact: Macy Brians
Civic Address: 13312 William Street Phone: 314-665-9845
Lindsay Ontario, K8H 6T6 Client Since: 2011-03-14
Known Property History:
Macy Brians has been a client since 2011-03-14, at the above address. Since she has been a client
the following has been recorded to keep a record of the trees on your lawn and their
maintenance and condition recommendations. The soil on this property (especially in the back
of the property) is a shallow sandy soil, with a large deposit of organic soil for the stump that
was removed a few years ago (located on map).
Fore Knowledge:
The trees on this property have been pruned in the last few years, and prunes look to be well
done and callusing over decently, refer to comments in report. A 32cm stump was removed,
and the hole was filled with organic peat and seeded. Planting a tree in this exact location is not
recommended, the soil has been disturbed too much to support a large root system and lack the
stability needed for a healthy root system
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3. PROBLEMS COMMON TO SPECIES ON PROPERTY
Downy Serviceberry
 Rusts- Develops on the leaves
 Fire blight- Systemic disease typically affects new growth, prune affected areas
 Powdery Mildews- Treatable with foliage sprays
 Leaf Miners- Treatable with sprays, pruning of infected foliage
Red Maple
 Anthracnose- Disease caused by fungal infection in leaf tissue
 Gall- Growth caused by infestation and injections of eggs in leaves by mites
 Aphids- Sucking insect that attacks mainly new foliage growth
 Petiole Borer- Boring insect that locates itself in the petiole of the leaf
Red Oak
 Anthracnose- Disease caused by fungal infection in leaf tissue
 Gall- Growth caused by infestation and injections of eggs in leaves by mites
 Aphids- Sucking insect that attacks mainly new foliage growth
 Petiole Borer- Boring insect that locates itself in the petiole of the leaf
White Pine
 Sawfly- Larvae feeding on needles, powerful water spray to dislodge, removal of
infected foliage
 White Pine Weevil- Effects foliage, Treat with pesticides
 White Pine Blister Rust- Infectious disease that is very destructive, seen on needles
 Pine Shoot Blight- Girdles new shoots by a canker causing fungus
American Elm
 Elm Bark Beetle- Boring beetle commonly carries Dutch Elm Disease
 Dutch Elm Disease- Infectious disease commonly causes death
 Verticillium Wilt- Caused by infected soils causes a defoliation through systemic
means
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4. PROPOSED WORK REPORT AND PRUNING INFORMATING
1. Downy Serviceberry, Amelanchier arborea
- Establishment Prune
- Fertilize to promote root growth (due to Abiotic stresses)
2. Red Maple 1, Acer rubrum
-Tar spot is present (Biotic)
-Rake leaves in fall and compost
-Crown clean to remove deadwood
-Crown thin to increase air flow in foliage
-Crown Raise for grass maintenance machine clearance
3. Red Maple 2, Acer rubrum
-Crown clean for deadwood and Tar spot (Biotic)
-Rake leaves in fall and compost
-Crown reduction to stimulate root growth, and restore balance and weight distribution
-Fertilize to stimulate root growth
4. Red Oak, Quercus rubrum
-Crown clean to remove deadwood
-Crown raise over fence
-Prune branches if contact is made with fence and rubbing is apparent (Abiotic)
-Prune Eastern side of crown for power lines and service lines (drop crotch pruning)
5. White Pine, Pinus strobes
-Crown raise for lawn maintenance
-Irrigate to decrease soil compaction before wet season (Abiotic)
-Create drainage trench to defer water from pooling around base of Pine
6. White Elm, Ulmus Americana
-Dutch Elm Disease apparent (Biotic)
-Crown clean for deadwood and infected branches
-Injections for Dutch Elm Disease [Arbotect Injecticides]
-Crown reduction over roof, leave a cover for the window
I believe the above is observations made to the best of my ability. Any other observations that
are made after the report herein will be added to the package and to this point we’re not omitted to
withhold information.
Worker Signature:____________________ Date:________________________
David Kearns
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5. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED WORK
The following is a written report demonstrating the recommendations that have been made for the
trees and plants on your property. The work will be done on the set schedule that has been included in this
report (see seasonal maintenance for further details).
1. Downy Serviceberry
The serviceberry located in the southern portion of the property is 13cm in diameter and appears to be in
good health. The tree was planted approximately three years ago (2007) and seems to be having trouble.
Because the foliage of the tree is wilting and the new growth is limited, fertilizers will be added and the pH
of the soil is 7, which is a proper pH level to be maintained to allow the fertilizers to be absorbed by the
roots. Establishment prune will be necessary to remove crossers and to perpetuate good growth habits
within the crown.
2. Red Maple
Because this maple has Tar Spot, raking of leaves in the fall will help prevent the Tar Spot from spreading
to different areas. Tar Spot is commonly a non-fatal foliage fungi which is the black spots on the leaves in
the canopy. Pruning equipment should be cleaned after use in this tree before used in a different tree.
Raking of the leaves in the fall and destroying them will keep the spores from being released in the spring
and affecting new foliage growth. Keeping under the tree clean and leaf free is important because when
the Tar Spots split, the spores are released and it will not be effective. Spraying of fungicides is an option
for control however is not necessary due to the lack of threat that this disease possesses.
3. Red Maple
The same techniques used for the other maples tar spot should be followed. Because of the root problems
on the western side of the trunk have been damaged and could potentially create favourable circumstances
for wind throw, pruning of the crown will help stimulate root development and reduce the weight and
balance the weight distribution of the crown. Fertilizers will also be administered until favourable
conditions are met. While administering the fertilizers (granular) higher dosage on the West side of the
tree will favour more root growth on that side of the trunk.
4. Red Oak
The Oak tree in the North East area of the property must have a crown raise due to the height of the
fence. Noticeable contact with the fence has created a callus. The removal of this branch will allow the
fence to be free from contact. A crown clean will remove any deadwood and crossers. This will help air
movement within the crown and reduce the chances of Tar Spot infesting the crown. Because it requires a
crown thin and a crown clean it is important not to remove more than 1/3 of the crown. The power lines
running through the south part of the Red Oak crown requires drop crotch pruning. Cutting allowance for
snow load during the winter will ensure that the proper maintenance will be acquired. Pruning like this
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6. once every several years will keep contact from occurring. Currently the pH level is extremely high-9,
which is why treating it with acidic acids (lime juice works) will help make it less of an alkaline. Restoring
the pH to between 4-7 will allow the tree to better absorb nutrients and stop the foliage discoloration and
improve the over-all health of the tree.
5. White Pine
The crown of the White Pine must be raised to allow for lawn maintenance and to allow more light
penetration to the grass beneath the crown. Because there is extensive flooding in this particular area, the
roots are affected due to White Pines typically being located in sandy well-drained sites. Because the high
water reaches above the root collar, it is important to maintain good drainage. Installing a drainage run off
from the tree will divert water from pooling around the base. Furthermore it is recommended that aerating
the soil will loosen the severe compaction of the soil and help prevent further pooling of stagnant water.
This will in turn create a more ideal growing environment for a White Pine. Refer to the property map for
the proposed drainage line.
6. White Elm
The Elm tree in the North-West portion of property has Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a fungal disease that is
commonly spread by the Elm Bark Beetle. The Elm tree exhibits both symptoms and signs of DED and
beetle damage. Currently the tree is still undergoing remission, however is still living and will continue to
live for several years if the following steps are taken. Pruning of the deadwood and a crown thin will
allow more air movement through the crown allowing for dryer conditions to prevent over moisture on
foliage. Injections could be done however injections of fungicides are required every 2-3 years and this tree
appears to be too far into the disease. However if fertilizers and proper pruning techniques are followed it
is possible to prolong its longevity.
I understand the above is observations made to the best of the workers ability. Any other
observations that are made after the report herein will be added to the package and to this point were not
omitted to withhold information.
Worker Signature:____________________ Client Signature:___________________________
David Kearns
Date:____________________________
Case Number: 000001
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7. Property Owner: Duke Richards Contact: Macy Brians
Civic Address: 13312 William Street Phone: 314-665-9845
Lindsay, Ontario Client Since: 2011-03-14
_____________________________________________________________________
For the species of trees on your property there has been information presented on their current
and possible future occurrences that affect the health of your trees. There are things that can be done on a
regular basis along with seasonal precautions that will help improve and strengthen the health of the tree
species included in this report.
Things that can be done by you the home owner are as follows:
 Raking of leaves in fall and
 Reducing compaction around the base of the White Pine will help alleviate any
compaction problems
 Monitoring for any changes (ex. Leaf wilting, sun scortch, ect.)
 Maintaining good plant health care techniques like disposing of infected debris
Things that can be done by a professional are as follows:
 Fertilizing of species listed in report (refer to Description of Proposed Work)
 Pruning of crown (CR, CT, CrR, EP, Power Line pruning) [refer to specie table]
 Installation of a drainage line to reduce pooling of water around bases of trees
 Aerating soil to reduce compaction
Simple things can be done to alleviate stresses that predispose trees to diseases and pests. Prevention and
monitoring is still by far the best solution to solving tree health care problems.
To contact us for further information or to report more observations on the species on your
property please refer to the contact information form.
In this package of information that pertains to the property listed above you will find
observations made by the Urban Forester on your property to the best of their ability. By signing this
form you agree to your liability of performing acts that are recommended by professionals at your own
risk.
Forester Signature:____________________ Client Signature:________________________
Forester Name:_______________________ Client Name:___________________________
Date:_____________________ Date:_____________________
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8. SEASONAL MAINTENANCE
The following is a report focussed on the seasonal activities that should be done to continue to
address the problems and potential problems that face your properties plant life. This is an
Implemented Pest Management Plan using cultural, mechanical and chemical means to controlling plant
healthcare problems.
Summer Fall Winter Spring
Downy -Fertilize for root -Rake leaves -Fertilize
Serviceberry growth
-Pruning
Red Maple 1 -Pruning -Rake leaves for
Tar Spot
-Pruning for
deadwood
Red Maple 2 -Fertilize -Rake leaves for -Fertilize to
Tar Spot stimulate root
-Pruning for growth
deadwood
-Prune to
stimulate root
growth
Red Oak -Pruning (CC, CR) - Rake leaves for -Pruning for power
Tar Spot control lines to
from targeting Oak incorporate snow
load on branches
White Pine -Pruning (CR) for - Create drainage -Reduce snow load -Clear around base
turf maintenance path for excess around base of of tree of debris
-Arrogate for water and tree to loosen that will hold
compaction drainage for compaction moisture
spring/ loosen
compaction
White Elm -Fertilize -Rake leaves and -Pruning in winter -Pruning for more
destroy infected and removing air penetration of
material infected limbs foliage to lessen
from property moisture in crown
Seasonal maintenance is important because there are several things that can be done during
certain seasons that will reduce or help correct stresses and problems present on your property. The
above demonstrates what seasons to do things like; fertilizing and raking up infected foliage and pruning
to remove infected deadwood before spring for example. Because phenological events such as bud
breaking in the spring, it is important to remove pest infected materials from your tree before spring
when insects and diseases are still dormant (typically biotic pests). Things like mechanical stresses
happen all year long and are hard to predict, but biotic factors can be monitored by means of
phenelogical calendars.
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