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New Product Development Tools
and Techniques Survey

Engineering Management Research Group
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering
National University of Singapore
Section A

New Product Development Project

How many New Product Development (NPD) projects* has your company done in the past 3 years, approximately?
*NPD project: the complete process of bringing a new product or service (e.g., credit card, loan, internet banking,
insurance plan, investment plan) to the market.
None
1-2
3-5
6-10
>10

Please go to Section F-Demographic Information (page 6).

Please recall ONE New Product Development (NPD) project conducted within 3 years.
Section B

Project Performance

Note: Please indicate Project Performance* and Objective Importance^.

*Project Performance: the performance rating against a specific objective.
^Objective Importance: the importance of a specific objective being considered by your firm.

Sample response:

Overall, the project succeeded?

1. Overall, the project succeeded?
2. Time-to-market objective met?
3. Project cost objective met?
4. Profit objective met?
5. Revenue objective met?
6. Market share objective met?

7. The product was of excellent quality.
8. The product provided firm a competitive advantage.
9. The product satisfied customers’ needs.
10. The product opened up a new market for our firm.

Much
worse than
targeted

1

2

Much
worse than
targeted

1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2

Strongly
Disagree

1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2

Project Performance

3

Exactly
on
target

4

5

Project Performance

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Exactly
on
target

4
4
4
4
4
4

Neutral

4
4
4
4

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Much NOT
better than Important
targeted at all

6

7

1

2

Much NOT
better than Important
targeted at all

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

7
7
7
7
7
7

1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2

NOT
Strongly Important
Agree at all

7
7
7
7

1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2

Objective Importance

3

Neutral

4

5

Objective Importance

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Neutral

4
4
4
4
4
4

Neutral

4
4
4
4

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

Page 1 of 6

Very
Important

6

7

Very
Important

6
6
6
6
6
6

7
7
7
7
7
7

Very
Important

6
6
6
6

7
7
7
7
Section C

Project Innovativeness

1. …… was the technology involved in this product new to customers?
2. …… was the technology involved in this product new to the firm?
3. …… was the product concept difficult for customers to evaluate or understand?
4. …… did the product require a change in the customer’s way of using it?
5. …… did the product require a major learning effort by customers?
6. …… did the product require considerable advance planning by customers before use?
7. …… was the market for this product new to the firm?
8. …… did the product cater to customer needs that are new to the firm?
9. …… were firm’s existing R&D resources, people, and skills adequate?
10. …… were firm’s existing Marketing resources, people, and skills adequate?
11. …… did firm’s current strategy fit with this product?
12. …… was the product consistent with existing customer experience and values?
To what extent……

Section D

To a very
small extent

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

Use of New Product Development (NPD) Tools

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

To a very
large extent

Note: Please indicate whether each NPD tool* was used in this project, and at which NPD stages^.
For tools used in this project, check relevant NPD stages in which they were used (Please check all that apply).
For tools unused in this project, check “We didn’t use” and leave the following columns blank.
Definition for each NPD tool*/NPD stage^ can be found in Appendix.
Sample response:

Benchmarking
Scenario planning
1. Benchmarking
2. Scenario planning
3. Affinity diagram
4. Brainstorming
5. Conjoint analysis
6. Focus group
7. Lead users
8. Concept testing
9. Quality function deployment
10. Service blueprint
11. Structured analysis and design
12. Failure modes and effects analysis
13. Root cause analysis
14. Others:_____________________________

We used this tool at ……
We
didn’t Idea generation Business and
Product
Product
use
and screen market analysis development
testing

Product
launching

We used this tool at ……
We
didn’t Idea generation Business and
Product
Product
use
and screen market analysis development
testing

Product
launching

□
□

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

□
□

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

□
□

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

□
□

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

□
□

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

□
□

□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□
□

Page 2 of 6

6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6

7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
Section E

Adoption of New Product Development (NPD) Tools

Note: Please answer each question based on your experiences with those NPD tools used in this project.

Sample response:

Using NPD tools makes it easier to conduct NPD project.
Using NPD tools would be a ………… idea.
B1. Usefulness

Strongly
Disagree

extremely
bad

□

quite
bad

□

slightly
bad

neither

□

1. Using NPD tools makes it easier to conduct NPD project.
2. Using NPD tools enhances effectiveness on NPD project.
3. Using NPD tools enables us to accomplish NPD project more quickly.
4. Using NPD tools is useful in NPD project.
B2. Ease of use

1. We believe that it is easy to get NPD tools to do what we want to do.
2. Learning to use NPD tools is easy for us.
3. Overall, NPD tools are easy to use.
B3. Compatibility

1. Using NPD tools is consistent with our company’s existing value and beliefs.
2. Using NPD tools is compatible with our past experience of conducting NPD project.
3. Using NPD tools fits well with the way we conduct NPD project.
4. Overall, using NPD tools is compatible with our company.
5. Overall, NPD tools fit well in our company.
B4. Resource commitment

1

1. We have the financial resources to use NPD tools.
2. We have the human resources to use NPD tools.
3. Our company devotes enough resources (money/people) to the use of NPD tools.
4. Overall, using NPD tools is easy for us because we have enough resources (money
/ people).

□

Strongly
Disagree

1
1
1
1

Strongly
Disagree

1
1
1

2
2
2
2

2
2
2

Strongly
Disagree

1
1
1
1
1

Strongly
Disagree

1
1
1
1

2

2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2

3

Neutral

slightly
good

□

3
3
3
3

3
3
3

3
3
3
3
3

3
3
3
3

4

quite
good

Neutral

4
4
4
4

Neutral

4
4
4

Neutral

4
4
4
4
4

Neutral

4
4
4
4

□

5

5
5
5
5

5
5
5

5
5
5
5
5

5
5
5
5

6

Strongly
Agree

extremely
good

□

6
6
6
6

6
6
6

6
6
6
6
6

6
6
6
6

Page 3 of 6

7

Strongly
Agree

7
7
7
7

Strongly
Agree

7
7
7

Strongly
Agree

7
7
7
7
7

Strongly
Agree

7
7
7
7
B5. Supplier* coercive pressure (*firm being involved in providing support for NPD projects, e.g., consulting firms.)
Strongly
Disagree

1. To work with our suppliers, they require us to use NPD tools.
2. We are recommended by our suppliers to use NPD tools.
3. We have pressures from our suppliers to use NPD tools.

1
1
1

B6. Competitive pressure

1. The use of NPD tools is helpful in allowing a company to remain competitive.
2. We are feeling great pressures to use NPD tools due to our competitors.
3. Please indicate the extent of NPD tool adoption by your
competitors.
4. Please rate the pressures placed on your company of
adopting NPD tools given by your competitors.
B7. Customer coercive pressure

extremely
low

quite
low

□

□

quite
low

extremely
low

□

□

1. Our customers require us to use NPD tools.
2. Our customers may consider us as backward if we do not use NPD tools.
3. To what extent do your customers influence your
decision to use NPD tools?
B8. Attitude

1. Using NPD tools would be a ………… idea.
2. Using NPD tools would be a ………… idea.
3. Using NPD tools would be …………

4. We would ………… the idea of using NPD tools.

extremely
small

□

extremely
bad

□

1
1

slightly
low

□

slightly
low

□

□

slightly
small

quite
bad

slightly
bad

□

quite
foolish

extremely
dislike

quite
dislike

□

□

□

□

1
1

2
2

3
3
3

3
3

4
4
4

slightly
high

□

neither

slightly
foolish

neither

□

neither

slightly
dislike

neither

□

□

□

□

□

quite
high

□

□

Neutral

□

□

5
5

quite
high

□

slightly
large

□

4
4

slightly
high

3
3

5
5
5

Neutral

neither

□

extremely
quite
slightly
unpleasant unpleasant unpleasant

□

□

neither

□

quite
small

2
2

neither

Strongly
Disagree

extremely
foolish

□

Strongly
Disagree

2
2
2

Neutral

4
4

5
5

6
6
6

6
6

Strongly
Agree

7
7
7

Strongly
Agree

extremely
high

□

7
7

extremely
high

□

6
6

Strongly
Agree

7
7

quite
large

□

extremely
large

slightly
good

quite
good

extremely
good

slightly
pleasant

quite
pleasant

extremely
pleasant

□

□

slightly
wise

□

□

slightly
like

□

□

quite
wise

□

□

quite
like

□

□

□

extremely
wise

□

□

extremely
like

□

Page 4 of 6
B9. Subjective norm

1. Those parties who influence our behavior would …………
our use of NPD tools.

extremely
oppose

quite
oppose

slightly
oppose

□

neither

□

3. Those parties whose opinions we value would …………
our use of NPD tools.

neither

extremely
oppose

quite
oppose

slightly
oppose
slightly
oppose

□

neither

□

2. Those parties who are important to us would …………
our use of NPD tools.

B10. Perceived behavior control

1. Using NPD tools would be ………… our control.

2. Our company would have ………… resources, knowledge
and ability to use NPD tools.
3. Given the resources, knowledge and ability it takes to
use NPD tools, it would be………… for us to use NPD tools.
B11. Adoption intention

extremely
oppose

□

□

□

quite
oppose

□

□

□

□

□

extremely
out of

quite
out of

slightly
out of

□

neither

□

neither

extremely
difficult

quite
difficult

slightly
few

slightly
difficult

neither

□

extremely
few

□

1. We are planning to use NPD tools in future NPD projects.
2. We intend to use NPD tools in future NPD projects.
3. We intend to use NPD tools frequently in future NPD projects.

□

□

quite
few

□

□

□

□

□

□

Strongly
Disagree

1
1
1

2
2
2

slightly
support

quite
support

extremely
support

slightly
support

quite
support

extremely
support

□

□

slightly
support

quite
support

□

□

□

□

□

extremely
support

□

□

slightly
under

quite
under

extremely
under

slightly
easy

quite
easy

extremely
easy

□

□

slightly
much

quite
much

□

□

□

3
3
3

□

Neutral

4
4
4

5
5
5

□

extremely
much

□

□

6
6
6

Page 5 of 6

Strongly
Agree

7
7
7
1. Company’s main industry:

Section F

Demographic Information

Banks
Fund management companies
Insurance companies
Real estate
Trust companies
Other services, please specify____________________

6. Approximate sales revenue (in Singapore $)
over the last calendar year:
<$10M
$10-24M
$25-99M
$100-499M
$500-999M
>$1,000M

2. Number of full-time employees in Singapore:

7. Your job designation:

3. Number of full-time employees engaged in New
Product Development projects in Singapore:

8. How long have you been with this company?

4. Company’s dominant service business type:

8. How many years of experience do you have in
product development in the financial industry?

<49
50-99
100-249
250-499
500-749
750-999
>1000
None
1-9
10-24
25-49
50-99
100-199
>200

Business-to-Business (B-2-B)
Business-to-Customer (B-2-C)
Mix of B-2-B and B-2-C

5. Company’s ownership:
Local
Foreign
Joint-Venture

General Manager/Director
Marketing Manager
NPD Project Manager
R&D Manager
Others, please specify____________________
<1 year
1-5 years
6-9 years
>9 years

<1 year
1-5 years
6-9 years
>9 years

If you would like to have a benchmarking report,
please indicate your contact details:

Email: _________________________________________________
Please go to back cover

Page 6 of 6
Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire!

If you have any other thoughts, please share with us.

Should you have any inquiry, please contact EMRG-NUS.
(Attn: Mr. Jin Dayu, at phone 65-8337 8113 or email at dayu_jin@nus.edu.sg)

Please return your questionnaire by fax or by the business reply envelope enclosed to:
Fax: 65-6777 1434
Engineering Management Research Group
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering
1 Engineering Drive 2
National University of Singapore
Singapore 117576

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New Product Development Tools and Techniques Survey

  • 1. New Product Development Tools and Techniques Survey Engineering Management Research Group Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering National University of Singapore
  • 2. Section A New Product Development Project How many New Product Development (NPD) projects* has your company done in the past 3 years, approximately? *NPD project: the complete process of bringing a new product or service (e.g., credit card, loan, internet banking, insurance plan, investment plan) to the market. None 1-2 3-5 6-10 >10 Please go to Section F-Demographic Information (page 6). Please recall ONE New Product Development (NPD) project conducted within 3 years. Section B Project Performance Note: Please indicate Project Performance* and Objective Importance^. *Project Performance: the performance rating against a specific objective. ^Objective Importance: the importance of a specific objective being considered by your firm. Sample response: Overall, the project succeeded? 1. Overall, the project succeeded? 2. Time-to-market objective met? 3. Project cost objective met? 4. Profit objective met? 5. Revenue objective met? 6. Market share objective met? 7. The product was of excellent quality. 8. The product provided firm a competitive advantage. 9. The product satisfied customers’ needs. 10. The product opened up a new market for our firm. Much worse than targeted 1 2 Much worse than targeted 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Strongly Disagree 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Project Performance 3 Exactly on target 4 5 Project Performance 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Exactly on target 4 4 4 4 4 4 Neutral 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Much NOT better than Important targeted at all 6 7 1 2 Much NOT better than Important targeted at all 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 NOT Strongly Important Agree at all 7 7 7 7 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Objective Importance 3 Neutral 4 5 Objective Importance 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Neutral 4 4 4 4 4 4 Neutral 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Page 1 of 6 Very Important 6 7 Very Important 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 Very Important 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7
  • 3. Section C Project Innovativeness 1. …… was the technology involved in this product new to customers? 2. …… was the technology involved in this product new to the firm? 3. …… was the product concept difficult for customers to evaluate or understand? 4. …… did the product require a change in the customer’s way of using it? 5. …… did the product require a major learning effort by customers? 6. …… did the product require considerable advance planning by customers before use? 7. …… was the market for this product new to the firm? 8. …… did the product cater to customer needs that are new to the firm? 9. …… were firm’s existing R&D resources, people, and skills adequate? 10. …… were firm’s existing Marketing resources, people, and skills adequate? 11. …… did firm’s current strategy fit with this product? 12. …… was the product consistent with existing customer experience and values? To what extent…… Section D To a very small extent 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Use of New Product Development (NPD) Tools 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 To a very large extent Note: Please indicate whether each NPD tool* was used in this project, and at which NPD stages^. For tools used in this project, check relevant NPD stages in which they were used (Please check all that apply). For tools unused in this project, check “We didn’t use” and leave the following columns blank. Definition for each NPD tool*/NPD stage^ can be found in Appendix. Sample response: Benchmarking Scenario planning 1. Benchmarking 2. Scenario planning 3. Affinity diagram 4. Brainstorming 5. Conjoint analysis 6. Focus group 7. Lead users 8. Concept testing 9. Quality function deployment 10. Service blueprint 11. Structured analysis and design 12. Failure modes and effects analysis 13. Root cause analysis 14. Others:_____________________________ We used this tool at …… We didn’t Idea generation Business and Product Product use and screen market analysis development testing Product launching We used this tool at …… We didn’t Idea generation Business and Product Product use and screen market analysis development testing Product launching □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Page 2 of 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
  • 4. Section E Adoption of New Product Development (NPD) Tools Note: Please answer each question based on your experiences with those NPD tools used in this project. Sample response: Using NPD tools makes it easier to conduct NPD project. Using NPD tools would be a ………… idea. B1. Usefulness Strongly Disagree extremely bad □ quite bad □ slightly bad neither □ 1. Using NPD tools makes it easier to conduct NPD project. 2. Using NPD tools enhances effectiveness on NPD project. 3. Using NPD tools enables us to accomplish NPD project more quickly. 4. Using NPD tools is useful in NPD project. B2. Ease of use 1. We believe that it is easy to get NPD tools to do what we want to do. 2. Learning to use NPD tools is easy for us. 3. Overall, NPD tools are easy to use. B3. Compatibility 1. Using NPD tools is consistent with our company’s existing value and beliefs. 2. Using NPD tools is compatible with our past experience of conducting NPD project. 3. Using NPD tools fits well with the way we conduct NPD project. 4. Overall, using NPD tools is compatible with our company. 5. Overall, NPD tools fit well in our company. B4. Resource commitment 1 1. We have the financial resources to use NPD tools. 2. We have the human resources to use NPD tools. 3. Our company devotes enough resources (money/people) to the use of NPD tools. 4. Overall, using NPD tools is easy for us because we have enough resources (money / people). □ Strongly Disagree 1 1 1 1 Strongly Disagree 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Strongly Disagree 1 1 1 1 1 Strongly Disagree 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 Neutral slightly good □ 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 quite good Neutral 4 4 4 4 Neutral 4 4 4 Neutral 4 4 4 4 4 Neutral 4 4 4 4 □ 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 Strongly Agree extremely good □ 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Page 3 of 6 7 Strongly Agree 7 7 7 7 Strongly Agree 7 7 7 Strongly Agree 7 7 7 7 7 Strongly Agree 7 7 7 7
  • 5. B5. Supplier* coercive pressure (*firm being involved in providing support for NPD projects, e.g., consulting firms.) Strongly Disagree 1. To work with our suppliers, they require us to use NPD tools. 2. We are recommended by our suppliers to use NPD tools. 3. We have pressures from our suppliers to use NPD tools. 1 1 1 B6. Competitive pressure 1. The use of NPD tools is helpful in allowing a company to remain competitive. 2. We are feeling great pressures to use NPD tools due to our competitors. 3. Please indicate the extent of NPD tool adoption by your competitors. 4. Please rate the pressures placed on your company of adopting NPD tools given by your competitors. B7. Customer coercive pressure extremely low quite low □ □ quite low extremely low □ □ 1. Our customers require us to use NPD tools. 2. Our customers may consider us as backward if we do not use NPD tools. 3. To what extent do your customers influence your decision to use NPD tools? B8. Attitude 1. Using NPD tools would be a ………… idea. 2. Using NPD tools would be a ………… idea. 3. Using NPD tools would be ………… 4. We would ………… the idea of using NPD tools. extremely small □ extremely bad □ 1 1 slightly low □ slightly low □ □ slightly small quite bad slightly bad □ quite foolish extremely dislike quite dislike □ □ □ □ 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 slightly high □ neither slightly foolish neither □ neither slightly dislike neither □ □ □ □ □ quite high □ □ Neutral □ □ 5 5 quite high □ slightly large □ 4 4 slightly high 3 3 5 5 5 Neutral neither □ extremely quite slightly unpleasant unpleasant unpleasant □ □ neither □ quite small 2 2 neither Strongly Disagree extremely foolish □ Strongly Disagree 2 2 2 Neutral 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 Strongly Agree 7 7 7 Strongly Agree extremely high □ 7 7 extremely high □ 6 6 Strongly Agree 7 7 quite large □ extremely large slightly good quite good extremely good slightly pleasant quite pleasant extremely pleasant □ □ slightly wise □ □ slightly like □ □ quite wise □ □ quite like □ □ □ extremely wise □ □ extremely like □ Page 4 of 6
  • 6. B9. Subjective norm 1. Those parties who influence our behavior would ………… our use of NPD tools. extremely oppose quite oppose slightly oppose □ neither □ 3. Those parties whose opinions we value would ………… our use of NPD tools. neither extremely oppose quite oppose slightly oppose slightly oppose □ neither □ 2. Those parties who are important to us would ………… our use of NPD tools. B10. Perceived behavior control 1. Using NPD tools would be ………… our control. 2. Our company would have ………… resources, knowledge and ability to use NPD tools. 3. Given the resources, knowledge and ability it takes to use NPD tools, it would be………… for us to use NPD tools. B11. Adoption intention extremely oppose □ □ □ quite oppose □ □ □ □ □ extremely out of quite out of slightly out of □ neither □ neither extremely difficult quite difficult slightly few slightly difficult neither □ extremely few □ 1. We are planning to use NPD tools in future NPD projects. 2. We intend to use NPD tools in future NPD projects. 3. We intend to use NPD tools frequently in future NPD projects. □ □ quite few □ □ □ □ □ □ Strongly Disagree 1 1 1 2 2 2 slightly support quite support extremely support slightly support quite support extremely support □ □ slightly support quite support □ □ □ □ □ extremely support □ □ slightly under quite under extremely under slightly easy quite easy extremely easy □ □ slightly much quite much □ □ □ 3 3 3 □ Neutral 4 4 4 5 5 5 □ extremely much □ □ 6 6 6 Page 5 of 6 Strongly Agree 7 7 7
  • 7. 1. Company’s main industry: Section F Demographic Information Banks Fund management companies Insurance companies Real estate Trust companies Other services, please specify____________________ 6. Approximate sales revenue (in Singapore $) over the last calendar year: <$10M $10-24M $25-99M $100-499M $500-999M >$1,000M 2. Number of full-time employees in Singapore: 7. Your job designation: 3. Number of full-time employees engaged in New Product Development projects in Singapore: 8. How long have you been with this company? 4. Company’s dominant service business type: 8. How many years of experience do you have in product development in the financial industry? <49 50-99 100-249 250-499 500-749 750-999 >1000 None 1-9 10-24 25-49 50-99 100-199 >200 Business-to-Business (B-2-B) Business-to-Customer (B-2-C) Mix of B-2-B and B-2-C 5. Company’s ownership: Local Foreign Joint-Venture General Manager/Director Marketing Manager NPD Project Manager R&D Manager Others, please specify____________________ <1 year 1-5 years 6-9 years >9 years <1 year 1-5 years 6-9 years >9 years If you would like to have a benchmarking report, please indicate your contact details: Email: _________________________________________________ Please go to back cover Page 6 of 6
  • 8. Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire! If you have any other thoughts, please share with us. Should you have any inquiry, please contact EMRG-NUS. (Attn: Mr. Jin Dayu, at phone 65-8337 8113 or email at dayu_jin@nus.edu.sg) Please return your questionnaire by fax or by the business reply envelope enclosed to: Fax: 65-6777 1434 Engineering Management Research Group Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering 1 Engineering Drive 2 National University of Singapore Singapore 117576