SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 22
AI and the casino industry how AI
can better solve everyday casino
challenges
2
Section 1
Getting beyond the hype. The
value of AI to the industry
Section 2
How AI enables us to be more
customer specific
Section 3 Case studies
3
The Hype
Around AI
The hype around casino AI
often obscures the real value
4
“Our AI engine can
help you increase your
customers spend”
- Sales pitch from a blue-chip AI vendor
5
How do you define spend?
Actual win, theoretical win,
Blend of the two? Over what
period?
Increase how? Consolidation
or true incremental? Increase
avg bet, frequency, play-time,
length-of-stay?
Help how? Better insights are
a small part of the problem
AI HYPE
Unpacking this claim reveals significant complexity which requires casino
specific experience
“Our AI
engine can
help you
increase
your
customers
spend ”
- Sales pitch from a
blue-chip AI vendor
6
UPSIDE
We think of AI as an enabler to help personalize our guest interactions at scale
Take proven
casino
strategies and
tactics and….
...AI can
personalize to
the player at
scale.
7
Mainstream AI
solutions are a
poor fit
Casino industry has
very poor-quality data
Difficult to assess a
player’s true value
Behaviors are biased
by factors not in the
data
1
2
3
+
+
CHALLENGES
Implementation requires very casino specific thinking and tools…
8
10%+
Longer
engagement
10%+
More efficient
gaming floor
20-35%+
Lift in on-day spend from real-time
marketing
-20%+
Reduction in bad
debt
UPSIDE
… But it’s worth the effort, as AI can help unlock substantial value
20%+
Stronger lift from direct
offers
-35%+
Reduction in fraud
9
Feedback
loop
AI enables mass
personalization
10
PROCESS
Personalization requires a rewiring in how most casinos work. AI is important
at every step.
Insights to
strategy loop
Integrated
data platform
Player level
upside,
strategies and
tactics
Dynamic
and context
relevant
Personalize
casino tactics
Segmentation
models, A | B
testing, model
supervision
Machine learning
and scoring
Models
dynamically
adapt
Scoring and
predictions.
Identify key
intervention points
11
DATA
Integrated data platform
Stream key data and wired for
analytics1
Link to Casino Mgmt System
2
Machine learning platform3
Seamless real-time communication4
What’s not here, is a major pitfall
12
Develop
strategies and
set objectives
Objectives
Strategic marketing or
analytics
• Diagnose issues
• Develop strategies
Execution
Campaign and
logistics
• Execute campaign
or changes
Sales and service
• Interact with the
players
• Manage day-to-day
Leadership
• Set broad
objectives
• High-level strategy Strategy
Tactics
Execution
INSIGHTS LOOP
We recommend more closely integrating insights into the decision process; a
goal which is part technical and part cultural.
13
Rethink patron lifecycle: Managing patrons by share &
engagement
Maximize marketing ROI: Estimate reinvestment elasticity to get
the best bang for buck.
Preferences: probability to respond to actions, offer types and offer
bundles
Set player level strategies: personalized objectives indicate best
mechanics and T&Cs for short-term lift or long-term engagement
Create an efficient pipeline: Identifying & prioritizing new patrons;
apply tools broadly
UNDERSTAND UPSIDE
Personalization requires predicting hundreds of attributes at a player level.
14
CONTEXT RELEVANCE
Next best actions adapt to the players’ current context.
Arrival Depart
$$
C
A
D
V
T
F
A
C
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
Right patron
is sent the
right offer
He accepts but
wants a suite
He wants
credit
He goes to
the casino
floor
He
increases
his avg
wager $
He has a
large win
Looks like he
will likely
move to the
competition
Optimal
Manual
Yielding
system
approves
request
Instant
approval
Right
product is
available
He receives a
point stretch
target offer
There is nothing
suspicious about
his win
Host intervention
with food offer
Follow-up offer
Optimized
trip profit
$$$
$0
Trip spend
with only
manual
decisions
Before the trip…
…During the trip…
…After
the trip
ends
Example of trip spend on an optimized guest journey versus
a manual journey
15
Case Study
One
Casino marketing reimagines
16
$138K
$90K
+$20K
-$5K
Average
Typical 1
$0k
$100k
$200k
$300k
$400k
$500k
$600k
$700k
$800k
$900k
Exemplified generic promotion post event
8%
1 105
Incremental win
per attendee
Incremental
per PAX
Avg EBITDA
per PAX
1. Typical is the median patron
Top 5% patrons deliver 67% of
EBITDA and ½ of attendees
were not profitable
Players ranked
NON-LINEARITY
Generic promotions often only work for a handful of patrons and drive low lift
(typically less than +10%)
17
Context:
Stopped &
large loss
Avg bet
significantly
up early in day
Friend has
large loss
Large win in
morning
etc…
Key intervention
points Lifecycle
Behavior
preference
Top 5 players in
pit X between
3pm and 6pm
win $1000. You
are one of 100
players invited
Click to enroll
Incremental
value
Weekday
warriors
Super-users
Avids
Goal Seekers
etc…
Best offer
right now
New
Non-loyal
Loyal
Defector
+$300
+$100
+$0
PERSONALIZED JOURNEYS
…Instead personalized and real-time marketing often yields a +20% to 40% lift.
Player increases
his wager $
18
ACTUAL EXAMPLE
Example of AI setting player level key intervention points and patron journeys
19
Case Study
Two
Optimal table games pricing
20
OPTIMAL PRICING
Table pricing ought to be a simple process but…
Turnover $
Avg bet
Hands played
Players
Game Speed
X
X
Simplified formula for calculating turnover volumes
21
OPTIMAL PRICING
….turning the pricing dial has cascading; requires solving a circular and non-
linear equation.
Pricing
(mix of games
by min $)Elastic
ity
Demand
Game
speed
Avg Bet
Hands
played
Model of non-linear
relationship between
min and avg bet
Visitation
forecast
Model impact of
occupancy on
game speed
Elasticity between
pricing and playtime
Clayton Peister
Principal & CPO
clayton@diffgaming.com
1 720 281 7958
+853 6280 8250
https://www.linkedin.com/in/claytonpeister/

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a Gaming Standards Association AI talk

Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...
Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...
Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...
Fiksu
 
Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...
Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...
Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...
AppsFlyer
 
Maxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crm
Maxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crmMaxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crm
Maxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crm
ECR Community
 

Similar a Gaming Standards Association AI talk (20)

ediz_volkan_don
ediz_volkan_donediz_volkan_don
ediz_volkan_don
 
Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...
Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...
Fiksu presentation at GDC: The Vicious Battleground, The Challenge of Gamer A...
 
ICEW 2013 Amanda Cromhout - Big Data: the key to making customer-centric cha...
ICEW 2013  Amanda Cromhout - Big Data: the key to making customer-centric cha...ICEW 2013  Amanda Cromhout - Big Data: the key to making customer-centric cha...
ICEW 2013 Amanda Cromhout - Big Data: the key to making customer-centric cha...
 
BRIDGEi2i - #CustomerAnalytics Conference, Chicago 2014
BRIDGEi2i - #CustomerAnalytics Conference, Chicago 2014BRIDGEi2i - #CustomerAnalytics Conference, Chicago 2014
BRIDGEi2i - #CustomerAnalytics Conference, Chicago 2014
 
Are You Pushing Products, or Connecting Conversations?
Are You Pushing Products, or Connecting Conversations?Are You Pushing Products, or Connecting Conversations?
Are You Pushing Products, or Connecting Conversations?
 
Marketing Analytics: Data Quality, Data Matching & Marketing Metrics
Marketing Analytics: Data Quality, Data Matching & Marketing MetricsMarketing Analytics: Data Quality, Data Matching & Marketing Metrics
Marketing Analytics: Data Quality, Data Matching & Marketing Metrics
 
BackLive Pitch Deck
BackLive Pitch DeckBackLive Pitch Deck
BackLive Pitch Deck
 
Improve your game's LTV cost effectively - Ramanand Murthy
Improve your game's LTV cost effectively - Ramanand MurthyImprove your game's LTV cost effectively - Ramanand Murthy
Improve your game's LTV cost effectively - Ramanand Murthy
 
Sales Incentive program examples
Sales Incentive program examplesSales Incentive program examples
Sales Incentive program examples
 
Traffic Ticket Promotion
Traffic Ticket PromotionTraffic Ticket Promotion
Traffic Ticket Promotion
 
Cadillac Traffic Ticket Promotion
Cadillac Traffic Ticket PromotionCadillac Traffic Ticket Promotion
Cadillac Traffic Ticket Promotion
 
Game Connection Paris 2016 - Making games pay: data secrets for game monetiza...
Game Connection Paris 2016 - Making games pay: data secrets for game monetiza...Game Connection Paris 2016 - Making games pay: data secrets for game monetiza...
Game Connection Paris 2016 - Making games pay: data secrets for game monetiza...
 
Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...
Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...
Holistic Monetisation: Ads, IAP and Player Engagement / Felix The, Head of Pr...
 
IndieGameBusiness Understanding LTV, the most important KPI in gaming
IndieGameBusiness Understanding LTV, the most important KPI in gamingIndieGameBusiness Understanding LTV, the most important KPI in gaming
IndieGameBusiness Understanding LTV, the most important KPI in gaming
 
IC Group Capabilities
IC Group CapabilitiesIC Group Capabilities
IC Group Capabilities
 
Affinity Lottery_RG Made Easy Presentation JAN24.pdf
Affinity Lottery_RG Made Easy Presentation JAN24.pdfAffinity Lottery_RG Made Easy Presentation JAN24.pdf
Affinity Lottery_RG Made Easy Presentation JAN24.pdf
 
Embracing Your Inner Marketing Technologist to Bridge the Martech Divide
Embracing Your Inner Marketing Technologist to Bridge the Martech DivideEmbracing Your Inner Marketing Technologist to Bridge the Martech Divide
Embracing Your Inner Marketing Technologist to Bridge the Martech Divide
 
Manufactureranddistributorloyalty
ManufactureranddistributorloyaltyManufactureranddistributorloyalty
Manufactureranddistributorloyalty
 
Maxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crm
Maxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crmMaxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crm
Maxim mozgovoy. sberbank. crm
 
Adoption of analytics in retail | Retail Analytics
Adoption of analytics in retail | Retail AnalyticsAdoption of analytics in retail | Retail Analytics
Adoption of analytics in retail | Retail Analytics
 

Último

0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
Renandantas16
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
dollysharma2066
 
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
lizamodels9
 
Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Dipal Arora
 
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
dlhescort
 

Último (20)

👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
👉Chandigarh Call Girls 👉9878799926👉Just Call👉Chandigarh Call Girl In Chandiga...
 
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with CultureOrganizational Transformation Lead with Culture
Organizational Transformation Lead with Culture
 
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service AvailableCall Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Pune Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
 
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
Call Girls Service In Old Town Dubai ((0551707352)) Old Town Dubai Call Girl ...
 
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
0183760ssssssssssssssssssssssssssss00101011 (27).pdf
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Majnu Ka Tilla, Delhi Contact Us 8377877756
 
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st CenturyFamous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
Famous Olympic Siblings from the 21st Century
 
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League CityHow to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
How to Get Started in Social Media for Art League City
 
Falcon Invoice Discounting platform in india
Falcon Invoice Discounting platform in indiaFalcon Invoice Discounting platform in india
Falcon Invoice Discounting platform in india
 
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and painsValue Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
Value Proposition canvas- Customer needs and pains
 
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptxCracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
Cracking the Cultural Competence Code.pptx
 
Phases of negotiation .pptx
 Phases of negotiation .pptx Phases of negotiation .pptx
Phases of negotiation .pptx
 
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
Ensure the security of your HCL environment by applying the Zero Trust princi...
 
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to ProsperityFalcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
Falcon's Invoice Discounting: Your Path to Prosperity
 
RSA Conference Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
RSA Conference Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors DataRSA Conference Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
RSA Conference Exhibitor List 2024 - Exhibitors Data
 
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine ServiceCall Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
Call Girls In Panjim North Goa 9971646499 Genuine Service
 
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
Business Model Canvas (BMC)-  A new venture conceptBusiness Model Canvas (BMC)-  A new venture concept
Business Model Canvas (BMC)- A new venture concept
 
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
Call Girls From Pari Chowk Greater Noida ❤️8448577510 ⊹Best Escorts Service I...
 
Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
Call Girls Navi Mumbai Just Call 9907093804 Top Class Call Girl Service Avail...
 
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service NoidaCall Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
Call Girls In Noida 959961⊹3876 Independent Escort Service Noida
 

Gaming Standards Association AI talk

  • 1. AI and the casino industry how AI can better solve everyday casino challenges
  • 2. 2 Section 1 Getting beyond the hype. The value of AI to the industry Section 2 How AI enables us to be more customer specific Section 3 Case studies
  • 3. 3 The Hype Around AI The hype around casino AI often obscures the real value
  • 4. 4 “Our AI engine can help you increase your customers spend” - Sales pitch from a blue-chip AI vendor
  • 5. 5 How do you define spend? Actual win, theoretical win, Blend of the two? Over what period? Increase how? Consolidation or true incremental? Increase avg bet, frequency, play-time, length-of-stay? Help how? Better insights are a small part of the problem AI HYPE Unpacking this claim reveals significant complexity which requires casino specific experience “Our AI engine can help you increase your customers spend ” - Sales pitch from a blue-chip AI vendor
  • 6. 6 UPSIDE We think of AI as an enabler to help personalize our guest interactions at scale Take proven casino strategies and tactics and…. ...AI can personalize to the player at scale.
  • 7. 7 Mainstream AI solutions are a poor fit Casino industry has very poor-quality data Difficult to assess a player’s true value Behaviors are biased by factors not in the data 1 2 3 + + CHALLENGES Implementation requires very casino specific thinking and tools…
  • 8. 8 10%+ Longer engagement 10%+ More efficient gaming floor 20-35%+ Lift in on-day spend from real-time marketing -20%+ Reduction in bad debt UPSIDE … But it’s worth the effort, as AI can help unlock substantial value 20%+ Stronger lift from direct offers -35%+ Reduction in fraud
  • 10. 10 PROCESS Personalization requires a rewiring in how most casinos work. AI is important at every step. Insights to strategy loop Integrated data platform Player level upside, strategies and tactics Dynamic and context relevant Personalize casino tactics Segmentation models, A | B testing, model supervision Machine learning and scoring Models dynamically adapt Scoring and predictions. Identify key intervention points
  • 11. 11 DATA Integrated data platform Stream key data and wired for analytics1 Link to Casino Mgmt System 2 Machine learning platform3 Seamless real-time communication4 What’s not here, is a major pitfall
  • 12. 12 Develop strategies and set objectives Objectives Strategic marketing or analytics • Diagnose issues • Develop strategies Execution Campaign and logistics • Execute campaign or changes Sales and service • Interact with the players • Manage day-to-day Leadership • Set broad objectives • High-level strategy Strategy Tactics Execution INSIGHTS LOOP We recommend more closely integrating insights into the decision process; a goal which is part technical and part cultural.
  • 13. 13 Rethink patron lifecycle: Managing patrons by share & engagement Maximize marketing ROI: Estimate reinvestment elasticity to get the best bang for buck. Preferences: probability to respond to actions, offer types and offer bundles Set player level strategies: personalized objectives indicate best mechanics and T&Cs for short-term lift or long-term engagement Create an efficient pipeline: Identifying & prioritizing new patrons; apply tools broadly UNDERSTAND UPSIDE Personalization requires predicting hundreds of attributes at a player level.
  • 14. 14 CONTEXT RELEVANCE Next best actions adapt to the players’ current context. Arrival Depart $$ C A D V T F A C ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Right patron is sent the right offer He accepts but wants a suite He wants credit He goes to the casino floor He increases his avg wager $ He has a large win Looks like he will likely move to the competition Optimal Manual Yielding system approves request Instant approval Right product is available He receives a point stretch target offer There is nothing suspicious about his win Host intervention with food offer Follow-up offer Optimized trip profit $$$ $0 Trip spend with only manual decisions Before the trip… …During the trip… …After the trip ends Example of trip spend on an optimized guest journey versus a manual journey
  • 16. 16 $138K $90K +$20K -$5K Average Typical 1 $0k $100k $200k $300k $400k $500k $600k $700k $800k $900k Exemplified generic promotion post event 8% 1 105 Incremental win per attendee Incremental per PAX Avg EBITDA per PAX 1. Typical is the median patron Top 5% patrons deliver 67% of EBITDA and ½ of attendees were not profitable Players ranked NON-LINEARITY Generic promotions often only work for a handful of patrons and drive low lift (typically less than +10%)
  • 17. 17 Context: Stopped & large loss Avg bet significantly up early in day Friend has large loss Large win in morning etc… Key intervention points Lifecycle Behavior preference Top 5 players in pit X between 3pm and 6pm win $1000. You are one of 100 players invited Click to enroll Incremental value Weekday warriors Super-users Avids Goal Seekers etc… Best offer right now New Non-loyal Loyal Defector +$300 +$100 +$0 PERSONALIZED JOURNEYS …Instead personalized and real-time marketing often yields a +20% to 40% lift. Player increases his wager $
  • 18. 18 ACTUAL EXAMPLE Example of AI setting player level key intervention points and patron journeys
  • 20. 20 OPTIMAL PRICING Table pricing ought to be a simple process but… Turnover $ Avg bet Hands played Players Game Speed X X Simplified formula for calculating turnover volumes
  • 21. 21 OPTIMAL PRICING ….turning the pricing dial has cascading; requires solving a circular and non- linear equation. Pricing (mix of games by min $)Elastic ity Demand Game speed Avg Bet Hands played Model of non-linear relationship between min and avg bet Visitation forecast Model impact of occupancy on game speed Elasticity between pricing and playtime
  • 22. Clayton Peister Principal & CPO clayton@diffgaming.com 1 720 281 7958 +853 6280 8250 https://www.linkedin.com/in/claytonpeister/

Notas del editor

  1. A lot of operators I speak to, are frustrated with the hyper around AI. The discussion usually starts with an innocuous claim.
  2. Most operators quickly prob by asking… A lack of specifics in the responses leads to frustration.
  3. For most organizations, this journey requires enhancing three capabalities: technical, AI and cultural. AI has a role in every step
  4. There is a major pitfall here in
  5. Identify patterns from people we know well and use that to guess at people we don’t know yet
  6. Context relevance requires thinking in journeys