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The World Leader in High Performance 3G Femtocell Solutions
- 1. The World Leader in High Performance Signal Processing SolutionsThe World Leader in High Performance Signal Processing Solutions 3G Femtocell Radio VON Boston David J. Donovan Wireless Infrastructure Business Development Analog Devices, October 29, 2007
- 2. 2 Agenda Brief Overview of ADI Femtocell Identity Crisis Market Drivers & Deployment Risks Specification Issues & Challenges Operator expectations Semiconductor RF-IF Solution BOM Costs Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 3. 3 PLATFORMS AudioAudioAudio ControlControlControl VideoVideoVideo DataDataData CORE TECHNOLOGYCORE TECHNOLOGY Application Expertise ● Development Tools PortableMediaDevices WirelessInfrastructure Computing&Gaming DigitalEntertainment AdvancedTV Medical AudioAudioAudio ImagingImagingImaging MonitoringMMonitoringonitoring EXPERTISE Automotive Industrial ProcessingPProcessingrocessing ADI At A Glance A leadership portfolio of core technology and signal processing systems expertise that is leveraged to create competitive advantage for our customers SensingSensingSensing SensorySensorySensory AlgorithmsAAlgorithmslgorithms A P P L I C A T I O N S MEMSMEMS DSPDSPAmplifierAmplifierDataData ConverterConverter PowerPower ManagementManagement RF ICRF IC InterfaceInterfaceInterface CommunicationCommunicationCommunication WirelessWirelessWireless Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 4. 4 Femtocell Identity Crisis? Basestation High performance High reliability Medium cost Low volume Single standardFemtocell High performance High reliability Low cost High volume Multi-standard Handset Lower performance Very low cost Very high volume Multi-standard Cost Performance Photo Sources: Ericsson, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 5. 5 Meeting Market Expectations & Cost Photo Source: unknown Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 6. 6 Femtocell <$100 BOM Femtocell <$100 BOM Simplified Femtocell Network Integration RF-IF DSL Router IP Network IP Network RNC functions for Radio Resource Management shifted to Femtocell BB Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007 Home Core Network
- 7. 7 Market Drivers Consumer Benefits--- Better Indoor Coverage Inadequate in-door coverage - top consumer complaint of their cellular service provider Lower PA power levels in handset Operator Benefits--- Reduces Capex & Opex Improves network capacity and coverage Pushes backhaul service to consumer BB IP network Consolidate services – Especially attractive to combined broadband/wireless provider Reduce churn rate by increased service and user capital investment Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 8. 8 Deployment Risks & Challenges Location/Registration E911/GPS adds cost and complexity Radio Network management Narrowband GSM signals are blockers to adjacent cells Potential network interference (W)CDMA systems are easier to manage VOIP WiFi Threat Similar operator objectives – different model More expensive dual mode phone vs. CAPEX Challenges above are similar Repeaters & DAS can address the critical coverage issue, but does nothing for capacity, bundling service Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 9. 9 Deployment Risks & Challenges cont. Backhaul architecture – several options IP protocols skip the traditional cellular network Optimum solution an unknown but will impact the degree of the problems below….. Network Synchronization BTS needs accurate clock and sync to network Timing module could have negative impact on BOM IEEE 1588 scheme for sync to IP backhaul Needs further study QoS risks Backhaul (Broadband pipe) management to arbitrate users/data rate may not be simple Bigger issue for wireless operator with no ties to broadband provider Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 10. 10 3GPP Base Station Classes: First specified in Release 6 Wide Area Base Stations: Macro Cell Scenario <20km cell, 70 dB coupling loss UE-MS Medium Area Base Stations: Micro Cell Scenario 1km – 3km, 53 dB coupling loss UE-MS, <38dBm Local Area Base Station: Pico Cell Scenario 100m – 300m, 45 dB coupling loss UE-MS, <24dBm Home Base Station / Access Points have not been considered in Release 6 and onwards yet Home Access Scenario (20m), 10dBm – 20dBm Radio Requirements still depend on system simulations & trials Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 11. 11 Base Station Definitions Femtocells are also referred to as Home Access Points and may be part of a broadband gateway platform. Picocell Basestation Femtocell Basestation Voice & Data Service 250 mW / 6 kg ~80 Voice Users HSDPA 14.4 Mbps HSUPA 7.2 Mbps 10mW – 100mW / 1 kg 20mW typical (+13dBm) 4 Voice & Data Users HSDPA 14.4 Mbps HSUPA 7.2 Mbps Form Factor & User Capacity Photo Sources: Andrew, Ubiquisys Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 12. 12 3GPP WCDMA UE vs. BS RF Specifications 3GPP Rx Specification Unit UE 25.101 BS 25.104 Reference Sensitivity 12.2kbps dBm -117 -107 Maximum Channel Power dBm -25 ---- Dynamic Range Test Level (AWGN 18dB above wanted) dBm ---- -77 Adjacent Channel WCDMA 5MHz Offset dBc 39 63 In Band WCDMA Blocking 10 MHz Offset dBc 48 71 Out of Band CW Blocking 20 MHz Offset dBc ---- 86 Out of Band CW Blocking 60 MHz Offset dBc 74 ---- Out of Band CW Blocking 85 MHz Offset dBc 89 ---- Narrow Band GMSK Blocking 2.7MHz Offset dBc 41 64 Wide Band Intermodulation CW 10MHz + WCDMA 20MHz dBc 58 63 Narrow Band Intermodulation CW 3.5MHz + GMSK 5.9MHz dBc 54 64 3GPP Tx Specification Unit UE 25.101 BS 25.104 Maximum Power dBm 24 <24 Maximum Power Accuracy +/- dB 2 2.5 Minimum Power Control Step dB 1 0.5 1dB Step Accuracy +/- dB 0.5 0.5 10dB Step Accuracy +/- dB 2 2 Power Control Range dB 74 18 ACLR 5MHz dB 33 45 ACLR 10MHz dB 43 50 Tx Noise in own Rx band dBm/Hz -132 EVM % 12.5 17.5 Peak Code Domain Error dB -15 -33 Phase Discontinuity deg 30 ---- Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 13. 13 No formal spec for this platform The femtoforum.org was organized to promote deployment of Femtocells worldwide through collaboration and interoperability Whole wireless infrastructure eco-system participates Goal is to make a spec recommendation to 3GPP specific to home base stations Femtocell Specifications Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 14. 14 Operator Expectations Operators require a self-managed plug & play femto layer at typical mobile subscriber acquisition cost points BOM COST TRX + BB IC BOM <$70 Roadmap to <$40 Ease of Network Integration 2G & 3G bands scanning Autonomous Power Control & Self-Configuration Manufacturability Single-Point Radio Calibration Minimum Production Time Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 15. 15 Considerations for a Low FemtoCell BOM Minimal manufacturing costs (radio calibration) Highly integrated silicon functionality Multi-band operation Leverage existing market economy components (eg handset) Multiple functions in one package Minimizing component count (glue-less interfaces, integrated passives) Power consumption Footprint Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 16. 16 Radio Calibration Single point calibration is possible and results in an accuracy better than the competition Multi-point calibrations [2 - 6 points] add to TCO An integrated RMS power detector is designed to meet the stringent power control requirements of WCDMA systems Representative Output Power Curve -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Vset (Volts) OutputPower(dBm) Representative 1-Point Calibration Error -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Output Power (dBm) Error(dB) Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 17. 17 TRX Band Coverage Requirements-UMTS UMTS Bands Uplink Downlink Tx/Rx Data Support Band Monitor Support I 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 II 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 III 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602 ADF4602-5 IV 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155 No No V 824 - 849 869 - 894 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602 ADF4602-5 VI 830 - 840 875 - 885 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602 ADF4602-5 VII 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690 No No VIII 880 - 915 925 - 960 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 IX 1749,9 - 1784,9 1844,9 - 1879,9 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 ADF4602, ADF4602-5 X 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170 No No Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 18. 18 2007 Development Platform: Integrated Converter MxFE & Integrated Radio DATA MUX & LATCH SPI REGISTERS AUX DAC AUX ADC DAC DAC 2X Inter- polation LATCH & DEMUX ADC ADC I/O Interface Configuration AUX DAC AUX ADC CLOCK DISTRIBUTION PLL ... ... AUX DAC .. . DC DC PA DAC DAC ADC ÷2 ADF TRX Gain Control PDLO PDLO Attn I+Q ÷2 I+Q 4 Bit GPIO MxFE Synth- esizers VCT CXO AFC I I Q Q 3 Wire Bus Digital Baseband ADFTRX Radio Technology Highly integrated Transceiver No external SAW filters (apart from Duplexer) 4 Code Transmit compatible (4+ users) Accurate Integrated power control Low Power RF CMOS 6x6mm 32 pin package MxFE AD986x High Performance ADCs – DACs optimized for base station applications Highly Integrated Smart Partitioning 64 pin LFCSP 26MHz Clock Buffer IP Link ADL5320 ADL5541 CLK Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 19. 19 UMTS Radio Transceiver Single Chip Tri-band 3G Transceiver 3GPP 25.104 Release 6 WCDMA/HSDPA Local Area Class BS in Band 1-3,5,6,8,9 WCDMA &GSM Monitoring of Bands 1-3,5,6,8,9 Minimal external components No Tx SAW or Rx Inter-stage SAW filters Integrated Fast RMS power detector Integrated Power Management (3.2-5.5V input) Integrated Synthesizers incl. PLL loop filters Integrated PA bias control DACs/GPOs Easy to use with minimal calibration Automatic fast Tx power control Automatic Rx offset control Simple gain, frequency, mode programming Low supply current 35mA typical Rx current 40-100mA Tx current (varies with Pout) 6x6mm LFCSP package DC Offset Correction DC Offset Correction ADF4602 LO Generator RMS Detector Gain Control System Loop Filter Frac N Synth LO Generator Loop Filter Frac N Synth TX_Pwr_ Control TX_Pwr_Control TX_Pwr_Control TX_Pwr_Control [Bus] Serial InterfaceLDO1 LDO2 LDO3 LDO4 LDO5 TX_Pwr_Control TX PLL RX PLL TX Power Management System RX_LO_LB RX_LO_LB 19.2 MHz 26 MHz TXRF Selectable Bandwidth baseband filters TXBBIB TXBBI TXBBQ TXBBQB RXBBI RXBBIB RXBBQ RXBBQB REFIN RXLBRF RXHB2RF RXHB1RF PDET VDD1 VSUP8 I Chan Q Chan VSUP6 VSUP7 Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 20. 20 IOUT+ B IOUT- A IOUT+ A IOUT- B VIN- B VIN+ B VIN- A VIN+ A CLKOUT1 DATA MUX & LATCH SPI REGISTERS AUX DAC AUX ADC SPI DAC DAC 2X Inter- polation LATCH & DEMUX ADC ADC I/O Interface Configuration AUX DAC AUX ADC TX Sync RX Syc Flexible I/O Bus [0:23] OSC 1 CLOCK DISTRIBUTION PLL . .. . .. AUX DAC . .. Single Chip Dual Rx ADC & Tx /DAC Dual 10b/12b, 65MSPS ADC Dual 10b/12b, 130MSPS DAC 3 Channels of Analog Auxiliary I/O ADC 65MSPS DAC 130MSPS Digital Test Modes Power Down Modes Adjustable Interface Timing Small footprint 64 Lead LFCSP lead-free package UMTS IF Converter Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 21. 21 ADFTRX Transceiver Power Detect 3GPP Band 1 DL Monitor 850-900 Monitor 1800-2100 3GPP Band 1 UL 3G Local Area / Home Area BTS Radio – Proposal B1 UL 1900 Rx 1800 Rx 900 Rx 850 Rx B1 DL B1 DL PA match attn match match ADC ADC DAC DAC AD9862/AD9863 Complete Radio Module including PA options Level plan depends on required antenna output power Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 22. 22 Femtocell Demonstrator Hardware ADF4602 AD9863 ADL5541 ADL5320 Regulator Front-End Duplexer, Isolator and Coupler. TCXO (26MHz) Control Software via GUI FIFO data interface board Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 23. 23 WiMAX Femtocell Highly integrated CPE radio transceiver External LNA and PA allow flexibility in system design Digital baseband complexity similar to the UMTS Femtocell ADL5523 Balun Balun FPGA ASIC Pusle Shape Filters Sample Rate Conversion FEC Network Processor TigerSHARC Interface IP Backhaul ADL5571 AD9352 DSP/ FPGA Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 24. 24 Multimode Femtocells UMTS/GSM, CDMA Femtocells designed to pico or macro BTS specs Receive band blocking spec in GSM is challenging Is the business case sound for investments in multimode Femtocells? ADC DAC DAC Pusle Shape Filters Sample Rate Conversion FEC Network Processor TigerSHARC Interface ASIC AD9862 ADL5350 VCO ADC DAC DAC DAC ADC ADC DAC DAC ADC ÷2 ADFTRX Gain Control PDLO PDLO I+Q ÷2 I+Q 4 Bit GPIO Synth- esizers 3 Wire Bus 26MHz Clock Buffer VCT CXO SAW ADC AD9874 GSM 850 GSM 900 DCS PCS UMTS ADL5523 ADL5525 ADL5541 GSM 850 GSM 900 DCS PCS UMTS ADC DAC DAC Pusle Shape Filters Sample Rate Conversion FEC Network Processor TigerSHARC Interface ASIC AD9862 ADL5350 VCO ADC DAC DAC DAC ADC ADC DACDAC DACDAC ADC ÷2 ADFTRX Gain Control PDLO PDLO I+QI+Q ÷2 I+QI+Q 4 Bit GPIO 4 Bit GPIO Synth- esizers 3 Wire Bus 26MHz Clock Buffer VCT CXO SAW ADC AD9874 GSM 850 GSM 900 DCS PCS UMTS ADL5523 ADL5525 ADL5541 GSM 850 GSM 900 DCS PCS UMTS AD8349 DAC DAC FPGA ASIC Pusle Shape Filters Sample Rate Conversion FEC Network Processor TigerSHARC Interface Dual 10 bit 125 MSPS ADL5541 Main Diversity PLL 0o 90 o AD8342 ADL5350 ADL5221 ADL5523 ADL5523 ADF436 0 ADF436 0 ADL5530 IF ~ 100 to 200 MHz AD9510 Clock dist PLL AD9549 Clock synch Network clock in26 MHz VCXO ADC ADC AD6652-65 ADL5322/23 Pout ~ 24 dBm ADL5521 AD9763 Diversity IF to Baseband Receiver IP Backhaul ADSP- BF536 ADL8 362 ADL5 500 ADuC70XX Precision Microcontroller RX Gain PA AD8349 DAC DAC FPGA ASIC Pusle Shape Filters Sample Rate Conversion FEC Network Processor TigerSHARC Interface Dual 10 bit 125 MSPS ADL5541 Main Diversity PLL 0o 90 o AD8342 ADL5350 ADL5221 ADL5523 ADL5523 ADF436 0 ADF436 0 ADL5530 IF ~ 100 to 200 MHz AD9510 Clock dist AD9510 Clock dist PLL AD9549 Clock synch AD9549 Clock synch Network clock in26 MHz VCXO ADC ADC AD6652-65 ADL5322/23 Pout ~ 24 dBm ADL5521 AD9763 Diversity IF to Baseband Receiver IP Backhaul ADSP- BF536 ADL8 362 ADL5 500 ADuC70XX Precision Microcontroller RX Gain PA DSP/ FPGA Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 25. 25 Semiconductor BOM Cost v. Data Rate Cost DataRate GSM/EDGE HR UMTS HR UMTS /EDGE WiMAX EVDO FR UMTS FR UMTS EV-DO WiMAX EV-DO CDMA 1X FR UMTS / EDGE Singleradio Multipleradios Half Rate Full Rate Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007
- 26. 26 Summary Semiconductor vendors can play a key role in the cost reduction and migration of Femtocells Future proofing solutions, integrations Design for manufacturing, radio calibration Operators can influence their own cost base Be reasonable in requirements A Femtocell spec will help, e.g. output power requirements vary Trials will help codify the specs Work with semi vendors to achieve best performance at most reasonable cost and mitigate risk Next phase is cost reduction and spec rationalization ADI solutions Analog Devices 3G Femtocell Radio October 29 , 2007