5. Definition
Discipline is defined as a training or
moulding of the mind and character to
bring about desired behaviours.
Discipline refers to working in
accordance with certain recognized
rules, regulations and customs, whether
they are written or implicit in character.
5
6. Definition
A branch of knowledge and the
treatment suited to a disciple or learner
in education; development of the
faculties by instructions, exercise and
training, whether physical, mental, or
moral.
Dr Jane Nelsen, 2002
6
7. Discipline consists in the submission of
one’s impulses & powers to a regulation
which imposes form upon chaos & brings
efficiency & economy where there would
otherwise be ineffectiveness and waste.
Sir Thomas Percy Nunn
7
9. Indiscipline
Means disorderliness
Insubordination
Not following rules and regulations of an organisation
Symptoms
Change in normal behaviour
Absenteeism
Apathy
Slow progress
Increase in number and severity of grievances, lack of
concern for performance, demanding
10
10. Aims of discipline
1. To create & maintain desirable conditions in the
teaching-learning situation & thus to achieve
objectives
2. To create favorable attitude towards the
establishment & maintenance of conditions essential
to effective work, in order to achieve the desired
objectives.
3. To assist the development of self-control &
cooperation which are regarded as essential traits in
the daily living as well as professional functioning.
11
12. Positive aspect
Take the form of positive support and reinforcement
Aim is to help the individual in molding his behaviour
and developing in a corrective and supportive
manner.
Constructive discipline or self discipline
13
13. Forces the students to obey orders and function in
accordance with set rules
They are not told why they are punished
Corrective, punitive or autocratic approach
14
Negative aspect
14. Principles of discipline
1. In harmony with the total goals of education
2. Based on and controlled by love and not by
fear.
3. Positive & constructive.
4. Ensure quality of justice to all, respect for
individual rights & dignity and a humanitarian
treatment of the same.
15
15. Contd..
5. Means for successful implementation of the
educational program
6. Disciplinary policies and procedures should be
primarily preventive, secondarily corrective, and
never retributive.
7. Situation specific disciplinary actions followed by
counselling.
8. It is something which the teacher helps the children
to attain, not something the teacher maintains.
16
16. Contd…
9. Disciplines in personal- make talk in private
10.Relate the act of misconduct to the act of correction
(educative)
11.Avoid collective punishments – it can provoke
unnecessary resentment
12. Never allow disciplinary procedures to interfere with
the educational opportunities.
13. Serious cases only to be referred further
14.Seek professional help if needed
17
17. Approaches to discipline
Human relations approach
Treated as human being
His acts of indiscipline are dealt- human values,
aspiration, needs, goals, behaviour etc
Helped to correct his deviations
Human resources approach
Treated as a resource
His acts of indiscipline are dealt- failure in development,
maintenance and utilisation of human resources
19
18. Contd…
Group discipline approach
Group set the standards for discipline and punishments
for the deviation
Leadership approach
A superior administers the rules of discipline and guides,
trains and controls the subordinates regarding disciplinary
rules
Judicial approach
Cases are dealt on basis of legislation and court
decisions
20
19. APPROACHES OF
DISCIPLINE
Traditional Approach
Developmental Approach
Positive Discipline Approach
Self Controlled Discipline Approach
Enforced Discipline Approach
Constructive Vs Destructive Discipline
21
21. Developmental approach
More consistent with developmental-constructivist
education.
Children are viewed as having legitimate needs and
positive social motivations but sometimes choose
misguided means for satisfying their needs.
Stress the importance of understanding the reasons
behind student misbehaviour.
23
22. Positive discipline- Dr Jane
Nelsen
Discipline is based on the
understanding that discipline must be
taught and that discipline teaches.
Positive Discipline teaches adults to
employ kindness and firmness at the
same time, and is neither punitive nor
permissive.
25
23. Concepts of positive discipline
Mutual respect.
Adults model firmness by respecting themselves and the needs of
the situation, and kindness by respecting the needs of the child.
Identifying the belief behind the behaviour.
Effective discipline recognizes the reasons kids do what they do
and works to change those beliefs, rather than merely attempting to
change behaviour.
Effective communication and problem solving
skills.
26
24. Concepts contd..
Discipline that teaches (and is neither
permissive nor punitive).
Focusing on solutions instead of
punishment.
Encouragement (instead of praise).
Encouragement notices effort and improvement,
not just success, and builds long-term self-esteem
and empowerment.
27
25. contd
Self controlled discipline
Employee aligns his behavior with that
of the organization's official code of
conduct
Get tuned to work at peak performance
by this discipline
28
26. Contd..
Enforced discipline
Managerial directive enforces employee
to comply with the organization's rules
and regulations
Enforced from above
29
29. Types of discipline
Authoritarian discipline – Traditional form –
Authority of old over young – Punishment for
undesirable behaviour
Democratic discipline – Students & teachers
have mutual participation
Self discipline – True discipline – Satisfy the
need for satisfying the need of self respect &
security. – Source of control largely within the
individual students
32
30. Contd…
Assertive discipline
Clear expectation for the required behaviour is set out by the teacher
Specific, concrete, & verbal praises are given for the desired
behaviour.
Negative reinforcement for the undesired behaviours.
Teacher is assertive in insisting on the application of the rewards &
sanctions .
Power resides with the teacher where choice is with the students
Teacher can tell explicitly about the desired behaviour and the
consequences; students can chose to obey or not to obey
33
31. Preventive discipline
Preventing misbehaviour
To provide a stimulating curriculum that involves students so
successfully that they spend little time thinking of
misbehaving.
Make your curriculum as worthwhile and enjoyable as
possible.
Remember that students crave fun, belonging, freedom,
power, and dignity.
Be pleasant and helpful.
34
32. Preventive discipline contd
Involve and empower your students by asking them
for input and help.
Reach clear understandings with your students about
appropriate class conduct.
Discuss and practice behaviours to which you have
jointly agreed.
Continually emphasize good manners, self respect,
and respect for others.
Be a role model.
35
33. Supportive discipline
When signs of incipient misbehavior appear, bring supportive
discipline into play.
Use signals directed to a student needing support.
Learn to catch students' eyes and use head shakes,
frowns, and hand signals.
Use physical proximity when signals are ineffective.
Show interest in student work. Ask cheerful questions or
make favourable comments.
Sometimes provide a light challenge: "Can you complete
five more before we stop?”
36
34. Supportive discipline contd
Restructure difficult work by changing the activity or
providing help.
Give hints, clues, or suggestions to help students
progress.
Inject humour into lessons that have become tiring.
Students appreciate it.
Remove distractive objects such as toys, comics,
notes, and the like. Return them later.
Acknowledge good behaviour in appropriate ways
and at appropriate times.
37
35. Supportive discipline contd
Use hints and suggestions as students begin to drift
toward misbehaviour.
Show that you recognize students' discomfort: ask for
a few minutes more of focused work.
38
36. Corrective discipline
Stop disruptive misbehaviour. It is usually best not to
ignore it.
Talk with the offending student or invoke a consequence
appropriate to the misbehaviour in accordance with class
rules.
Remain calm and speak in a matter-of-fact manner.
Follow through consistently on promised consequences.
Redirect misbehaviour in positive directions.
If necessary, talk with students privately about
misbehaviour. Ask how you can help.
Be ready to invoke an insubordination rule for students
who refuse to stop misbehaving. 39
37. Nature of discipline
Natural discipline
Compulsive discipline
Personal discipline
Social discipline
Supernatural discipline
40
38. Natural discipline- through the natural
consequences
Compulsive discipline- Lowest level of discipline,
imposed from top to down. – External rules by
force – Establishment of permanent & proper
habits of conduct.
Personal discipline- Personality centered – It is
educative in nature
Social discipline- Group norms based – Self control
is exercised through the social context 41
40. Indiscipline in class
room
Not attending
Sleeping
Lying
Cheating
Not studying
Not completing home works and assignments
Not punctual
43
41. Indiscipline in clinical areas
Gross negligence, disobedience
No attitude and improper behaviour
Not punctual
Not considerate
Not studying, laziness
Not completing the assignments
Absenteeism
Leaving clinical area without
permission 44
42. Class-room disciplinary
measures
Desirable measures
Personal conference
Suggestions regarding
maintaining & adherence to
guidelines
Deprivation of privileges
Use of probation & honor
Seating arrangements of the
students
Undesirable measures
Use of threat, forced
apology
Punishing the group for
the offense of one
student
Use of students
misdeed as an example
Nagging, scolding
45
43. Measures to maintain class discipline
• Ensure that class room conditions are favourable to
the lesson planned
• Make sure that the teaching process doesn’t depress
the class morale
• Appropriate reinforcement on time
• Neither too friendly nor too remote with the students
• Watch for the signs of trouble very carefully
• Plan the class with desirable pace with appropriate
learning measures
46
44. Contd…
• Be fair-mind & impartial- favouritism in any sense will
lead to withdrawal of co-operation and indiscipline
among students.
• Teacher must know when & how to punish (i.e. to
implement disciplinary measures)
• Ensure the necessity for a reprimand.
• Follow up all important disciplinary matters
47
45. Indiscipline of an employee in Nursing institution
Changes in behaviour
Absenteeism
Apathy
Go slow at work
Strikes and agitations
Increase in number and severity of grievances,
persistent and continuous demand for raises,
allowances, lack of concern for performance
48
46. Causes of indiscipline
Neglect or deference of students / employee
grievances
Faulty disciplinary action
Wrong or improper attitude
Wrong placement, remuneration or promotion
Lack of well defined code of conduct
Divide & rule policy
An ill advised supervisor
49
47. Errors in disciplining employees
Delay in administering discipline
Ignoring rule violation in hope that it is an isolated event
Accumulations of rule violations, causing irritated
supervisor to become outrageous
Failure to administer progressively severe sanctions
Failure to document disciplinary actions accurately
Imposing discipline disproportionate to the seriousness of
the offense
Disciplining inconsistently
50
48. Effective Discipline
Condone the past
offences
Build an agreement on
disciplinary rules
Establish a disciplinary
committee
Get disciplinary issues
investigated by the human
resources management or
administrative department 51
56. Termination
Discharge and dismissal
Discharge is less severe
Gives agreed advance notice or pays money in
lieu of such notice
Dismissal extreme kind of punishment
Justified if the employee is incompatible with faithful
discharge of his duties and undesirable or against the
interests of the employer
63
57. Contd..
Discharge simpliciter
Termination of the service of the
employee may not be on account of the
misconduct but for some other reason
which do not cause disgrace for him.
The employee can challenge
64
58. Follow up
Creating a climate for discipline
Make rules, regulations, guidelines…
Prepare managerial policies
Clearly state that to whom each staff
has to report
Have clear cut duties and
responsibilities for each job position
65
59. Contd…
Ensure proper and effective supervision
Make a proper system of routine
activities
Keep a record of the important activities
to be carried out
Establish standards for each activity
View discipline as a corrective measure
66
60. Contd…
Maintain consistency in disciplinary
actions
Be clear about the disciplinary actions
and communicate them to all
Make a manual of the issues and
distribute them among staff/ students
67
64. References
Sudha R. Nursing Education Principles and concepts. New Delhi: Jaypee
brothers;2013. p. 355-357.
Sankaranarayanan B, Sindhu B. Calicut: Brainfill. New Delhi: Jaypee
brothers;2012.p. 281-287.
Clement I. Management of Nursing Service and Education. 2 ed. New Delhi:
Elsevier;2015. p. 271-276.
Neeraja KP. Textbook of Communication and Education Technology for Nurses.
New Delhi:Jaypee brothers; 2011. p. 573-585.
71
the spontaneous movement of a nature in which there is an Inborn impulse towards greater perfection or »expressiveness *
Social values: friendliness, cooperation, discipline, courage, love for work
Moral values: truthfulness, honesty, respect, courtesy
Personal values: punctuality, activeness, cleanliness, keeping healthy, neatness
Spiritual values: sacrifice, tolerance, forgiveness
Emotional values: love for one’s country, extending help, voluntary service in need
Aesthetic values: love for beauty, love for nature, liking for anything good
The categorization of values above are not based on any hard and fast logic and may be overlapping within categories.
FIVE CRITERIA FOR POSITIVE DISCIPLINE
Is Kind and Firm at the same time. (Respectful and encouraging)
Helps children feel a sense of Belonging and Significance. (Connection)
Is Effective Long-Term. (Punishment works short term, but has negative long-term results.)
Teaches valuable Social and Life Skills for good character. (Respect, concern for others, problem-solving, accountability, contribution, cooperation)
Invites children to discover how Capable they are and to use their personal power in constructive ways.
The Positive Discipline Parent Education and Classroom Management models are aimed at developing mutually respectful relationships. Positive Discipline teaches adults to employ kindness and firmness at the same time, and is neither punitive nor permissive.
The tools and concepts of Positive Discipline include:
Mutual respect. Adults model firmness by respecting themselves and the needs of the situation, and kindness by respecting the needs of the child.
Identifying the belief behind the behavior. Effective discipline recognizes the reasons kids do what they do and works to change those beliefs, rather than merely attempting to change behavior.
Effective communication and problem solving skills.
Discipline that teaches (and is neither permissive nor punitive).
Focusing on solutions instead of punishment.
Encouragement (instead of praise). Encouragement notices effort and improvement, not just success, and builds long-term self-esteem and empowerment.
Unique characteristics of the Positive Discipline Model also include:
Teaching adults and students through experiential activities. Creating opportunity to practice new skills and to have fun learning by doing.
Classroom discipline programs and parent education programs that are consistent. Parents, teachers, and childcare providers can work together to provide a secure, consistent environment for children.
Inexpensive training and ongoing support so members of communities can teach each other Positive Discipline skills.
Certified trainers across the country who can work with schools and communities.
PreventivePreventing misbehavior is obviously preferable to dealing with it after it has occurred. Most experts contend that the best way to prevent classroom misbehavior is to provide a stimulating curriculum that involves students so successfully that they spend little time thinking of misbehaving. As you plan your discipline system, emphasize preventive discipline by giving strong attention to the following:
Make your curriculum as worthwhile and enjoyable as possible.
Remember that students crave fun, belonging, freedom, power, and dignity.
Be pleasant and helpful.
Involve and empower your students by asking them for input and help.
Reach clear understandings with your students about appropriate class conduct.
Discuss and practice behaviors to which you have jointly agreed.
Continually emphasize good manners, self respect, and respect for others.
Be a role model.
SupportiveAll students may become restive and subject to temptation at times. When signs of incipient misbehavior appear, bring supportive discipline into play. This facet of discipline assists students with self-control by helping them get back on task. Often only the student involved knows it has been used. The following tactics are suggested for supportive discipline.
Use signals directed to a student needing support.
Learn to catch students' eyes and use head shakes, frowns, and hand signals.
Use physical proximity when signals are ineffective.
Show interest in student work. Ask cheerful questions or make favorable comments.
Sometimes provide a light challenge: "Can you complete five more before we stop?"
Restructure difficult work by changing the activity or providing help.
Give hints, clues, or suggestions to help students progress.
Inject humor into lessons that have become tiring. Students appreciate it.
Remove distractive objects such as toys, comics, notes, and the like. Return them later.
Acknowledge good behavior in appropriate ways and at appropriate times.
Use hints and suggestions as students begin to drift toward misbehavior.
Show that you recognize students' discomfort: ask for a few minutes more of focused work.
CorrectiveEven the best efforts in preventive and supportive discipline cannot eliminate all misbehavior. When students violate rules, you must deal with the misbehavior expeditiously. Corrective discipline should neither intimidate students nor prompt power struggles; but rather should proceed as follows:
Stop disruptive misbehavior. It is usually best not to ignore it.
Talk with the offending student or invoke a consequence appropriate to the misbehavior in accordance with class rules.
Remain calm and speak in a matter-of-fact manner.
Follow through consistently on promised consequences.
Redirect misbehavior in positive directions.
If necessary, talk with students privately about misbehavior. Ask how you can help.
Be ready to invoke an insubordination rule for students who refuse to stop misbehaving.
All students may become restive and subject to temptation at times. This facet of discipline assists students with self-control by helping them get back on task. Often only the student involved knows it has been used. The following tactics are suggested for supportive discipline.
Even the best efforts in preventive and supportive discipline cannot eliminate all misbehavior. When students violate rules, you must deal with the misbehavior expeditiously. Corrective discipline should neither intimidate students nor prompt power struggles; but rather should proceed as follows:
Revise & execute the best among the measures adopted by reviewing