Cervical cancer starts in the cells of the cervix and is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. It is usually caused by HPV infection, which can lead to abnormal cell growth in the cervix. Early stage cervical cancer may not show symptoms, while later stages can cause bleeding between periods or after sex. Diagnosis involves tests like a pap smear, HPV test, colposcopy, and imaging exams. Treatment options depend on the stage and include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical procedures like a hysterectomy. Regular screening is important, as early detection leads to better outcomes.

1. Cancer of Cervix
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2. Cancer of Cervix
• It is the 3rd most common cancer in women worldwide.
• Cervical cancer starts in the cells lining the cervix.
• It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
• Caused by HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection.
• HPV infection may cause cervical dysplasia, or abnormal
growth of cervical cells.
• There may be no symptoms in the early stage.

4. Types of Cervical Cancer
• Squamous cell cervical cancer is the most common. This
develops from a skin-like cell (a squamous cell) that covers the
cervix which becomes cancerous.
• Adenocarcinoma cervical cancer is less common. This
develops from a glandular cell (a cell that makes mucus)
within the cervical canal which becomes cancerous.
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5. Symptoms
• Bleeding between normal periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
• Bleeding after having sex (postcoital bleeding).
• Any vaginal bleeding in women past the menopause.
• Blood in vaginal discharge.
• Increased urinary frequency
• Pain during urination

6. Diagnosis
• PAP Smear Test
• HPV DNA Test
• Colposcopy
• Cone biopsy
• Pelvic ultrasound
• MRI & CT scan

7. Invasive Cervical Cancer Stages
• Stage I: Cancer cells are found only in the cervix.
• Stage II: The tumor has grown through the cervix and invaded
the upper part of the vagina.
• Stage III: The tumor has invaded the pelvic wall or the lower
part of the vagina.
• Stage IV: The tumor has invaded the bladder or rectum. Or,
the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the
lungs.

9. Therapies Option for Cervical Cancer
• Chemotherapy : It is a treatment to destroy cancer cells with
medicines.
– It’s used with radiotherapy, or to help to shrink a tumor
before radiotherapy or surgery.
– It can also control symptoms if cancer comes back after an
initial treatment.

10. • Radiation Therapy : It is a treatment which uses high-energy
beams of radiation which are focused on cancerous tissue.
– This kills cancer cells, or stops cancer cells from
multiplying.
– Radiotherapy alone can be curative for early-stage cervical
cancer and may be an alternative to surgery.

11. Surgical Options for Cervix Cancer
• Cone Biopsy
• Radical Trachelectomy
• Total Hysterectomy
• Radical Hysterectomy
• Pelvic Exenteration

12. Who is at Risk?
• Smoking
• Weakened immune system
• Several pregnancies
• Giving birth at a very young age
• Long-term use of the contraceptive pill
• Family history

13. When to Screen for Cervical Cancer

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