2. Title and Content Layout with List
What is Automation
Impact of Automation
Automation History
Type of Automation
Introduction of PLC
Type of PLC
Introduction of SCADA
3. What is Automation
Automation is the use of scientific and technological principles in
the manufacture of machines that take over work normally done by
humans.
Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global
economy and in daily experience.
4. Impact of Automation
It speeds up the developmental processes of the society.
It increases production.
Brings further technological changes like information technology.
Extreme industrialization
Replacement of human labor with machines.
Makes life dependent on latest gadgets and equipments
In general, automation is responsible for the shift in the world economy.
5. Automation History
Manual Control
Pneumatic
Control
Hard wired logic
Control
Electronic Control
using Logic Gates
Programmable Logic
Controller
6. Types of Automation
Types of Automation Applications
1.Home Automation Air Conditioner, Geyser, Washing
machine etc.
2.Office Automation FAX, Printers etc.
3.Building Automation Automatic Car Parking, Elevator etc.
4.Industrial Automation Automation in whole plant.
11. Different types of automation tools exist
are:
ANN - Artificial neural network
DCS - Distributed Control System
HMI - Human Machine Interface
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
Robotics
12. Basic Components Of Automation
Field Sensors
Junction Box
Control Hardware and Control System
SCADA
13. Field Sensors
Sense the parameter and send the analog & digital signal to the control hardware
Process Variables Sensors
Temperature RTD, Thermocouple, Thermistor
Pressure Borden Tube, Bellows, Strain Gauge
Flow Pitot Tube
Displacement LVDT, RVDT
14. Control Hardware
Control hardware consist of different types of controllers
which are as follows:
Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID)
CNC
PC Based
PLC
DCS
15. Application of Automation
Power generation hydro, coal, gas, oil, shale, nuclear, wind, solar
Transmission electricity, gas, oil
Distribution electricity, water
Process paper, food, pharmaceutical,
metal production and processing, glass, cement,
chemical, refinery, oil & gas
Manufacturing computer aided manufacturing (CIM)
flexible fabrication, appliances, automotive, aircrafts
Storage
silos, elevator, harbor, retail houses,
deposits, luggage handling
Building heat, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC)
access control, fire, energy supply, tunnels,
parking lots, highways,....
Transportation rolling stock, street cars, sub-urban trains,
16. Power Plants
Thermal power plant Hydro power plant Wind power plant
Nuclear power
plant Solar power
plant
19. Introduction of PLC
A PLC (i.e. Programmable Logic Controller) is a device that was
invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for
machine control.
The PLC works by looking at its inputs and depending upon their
state, turning on/off its outputs
21. Input Modules
Act as interface between real-time status of process variable and the
CPU.
Analog input module:
RTD (Ohm)
Thermocouple (mV)
Digital input module:
Switches
Pushbuttons
Relays
22.
23. Output Modules
• Act as link between the CPU and the output devices in the field.
Analog output module :
Control Valve
Motor
Digital output module :
Solenoid Valves
lamps
24. Power Supply
• Converts the incoming voltage to a useable form for the internal
electronics
• Protects the PLC ‘s components from voltage spikes
• Operates either on 120VAC/ 240 VAC/ 24VDC
• Isolation transformer - take care of shielding from Drives, ensure
proper earthing.
25. Programming Interface
• Personal Computer
– Run PLC Programming Software
– It creates, edits, document, store and troubleshoot ladder diagrams, and
generates printed reports.
• Hand Held Programmer
– Mainly a troubleshooting tool.
– On factory floor you can modify, store and transfer the program to
multiple machines.
These products communicate with the PLC through a RS232
26. PLC Programming Standards
The open, manufacturer-independent programming standard for automation is
IEC 61131-3. You can thus choose what configuration interface you wish to use when
writing your application :
Ladder Diagram
Statement List
Instruction List
Function Block Diagram
Sequential Function Chart
Structured Text
27. Ladder Logic
Represents how electrical current flows through the devices to
complete an electrical circuit
Each electrical circuit in the diagram is considered a rung having
two components
L1 L2
PB1 Stop PB2
Motor
Start
M1 M1
Power
Bus
Power
Bus
Auxiliary
Holding Contact
Rung
28. TOOLS FOR LADDER
PROGRAMMING
Bit Instructions
Timers
Counters
Compare Block
Mathematical Operators
29. BITS
Input NC Bit
Input NO Bit
Output Bit
Binary Latch Bit
Binary Unlatch Bit
OSR Bit
32. Circuit representation in Ladder Logic
The above circuit is represented in Ladder logic as shown in figure
below (only the low voltage circuit is used in ladder logic diagrams):
35. IF input 4 OR input 5 have power
THEN energize output 0
I/4
I/5
I/4
| |
I/5
| |
O/0
O/0
( )
Logical Continuity
F
T
On
| |
| |
( )
Logical Continuity
T
F
On
Logical OR Construction
36. IF input 4 AND input 5 have power
THEN energize output 0
I/4
| |
I/5
| |
O/0
( )
T T T
Logical Continuity
On
Logical AND Construction
37. Advantages of PLCs
Reduced space
Energy saving
Ease of maintenance
Economical
Greater life & reliability
Shorter project time
Easier storage, archiving and documentation
39. What is meant by Data Acquisition
DA refers to the method used to access and control information or
data from the equipment being controlled and monitored.
The Data accessed are then forwarded onto a telemetry system
ready for being transferred to the different sites.
Data accessed can be analog and digital information gathered by
sensors,
Flow-meter, Encoders or Current transformers
It also can be Control Actions for,
Actuators, Relays, Valves, Motors, etc
40. Why SCADA?
Previously without SCADA software, an industrial process was entirely
controlled by PLC, CNC , PID & micro controllers having programmed in
certain languages or codes.
These codes were either written in assembly language or relay logic
without any true animation that would explain the process running.
It is always easy to understand the status of the process if it is shown with
some animations rather then written codes.
Hence SCADA software came to existence and with some exclusive
features it became internal part of automation system
41. Features of typical SCADA
software
Dynamic process graphic
Real-time and Historical trending
Alarms
Recipe Management
Security
Device connectivity
Script for logic development
Database connectivity
44. Alarms
Every plant needs proper monitoring and control of the process
parameters.
Alarms represent warnings of process conditions that could cause
problems, and require an operator response
45. Recipe Management
The recipe management is facility used for maintain various recipes
of different products and implement it on the process.
The recipe can be stored in a single server and it can be fetched by
any client server from any area to run the process.
46. Security
Every SCADA software has various levels of security for securing
the application by avoiding unauthorized access.
47. DIFFERENT USES OF SCADA SYSTEMS:
Mass transit: regulate electricity to subways, trams and trolley buses; to automate
traffic signals for rail systems; to track and locate trains and buses; and to control
railroad crossing gates.
Manufacturing: manage parts inventories for just-in-time manufacturing, regulate
industrial automation and robots, and monitor process and quality control.
48. DIFFERENT USES OF SCADA SYSTEMS(CONTD.):
Electric power generation, transmission and distribution: Electric utilities detect current flow
and line voltage, to monitor the operation of circuit breakers, and to take sections of the
power grid online or offline.
Buildings, facilities and environments: Facility managers use SCADA to control HVAC,
refrigeration units, lighting and entry systems.
