16. Complex problems involve too
many unknowns and too many
interrelated factors to reduce
to rules and processes.
17. “The skills
considered most
essential in our
modern societies are
often called 21st-
century skills.
Problem solving is
clearly one of them.”
- Organisation for Economic
Cooperation and Development
(OECD)
36. Learning Framework
EMPATHISE
What is the problem?
IDEATE
How do we solve it?
PROTOTYPE
How do we create it?
TEST
Does it work?
DEFINE
Why is it important?
SOLUTION SPACE
PROBLEM SPACE
REFRAME
What de we focus on?