1. CHAPTER 11 DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1) How does Ohio State University handle crowd celebrations after victories?
2) What policy did the SEC implement in 2004 regarding crowd control for football and men's &
women's basketball games?
3) Define "crowd management."
4) What is festival seating & what problems can it create?
5) Define "foreseeability."
6) Summarize the case Bearman v. University of Notre Dame.
7) What is "peer-group security?"
8) In 1967, what company became the pioneer in peer-group security?
9) One of the first documented sport event disasters took place in 1902 during a soccer match
between what 2 countries?
10) What is the most popular sport in the world?
11) What is violent crowd behavior known as?
12) As a result of the Hillsborough disaster, Great Britain passed what stringent piece of legislation
pertaining to crowd management?
13) What is ViSAT?
14) In determining if a search is reasonable & therefore legal, the courts look at what 3 factors?
15) What is the only NFL city where pat-downs have been successfully challenged in court?
16) What are 2 of the most recognized crowd management companies?
17) What is RFID & how does the technology assist crowd managers?

2. WHAT IS CROWD MANAGEMENT?
-AN ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY DESIGNED TO ASSIST
FACILITY/EVENT MANAGERS IN PROVIDING A SAFE &
ENJOYABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR GUESTS BY
IMPLEMENTING THE FACILITY OR EVENT’S POLICIES &
PROCEDURES.

3. HOW DOES OHIO STATE HANDLE CROWD CELEBRATIONS
AFTER VICTORIES?
“IT’S A FUTILE ATTEMPT TO KEEP A CROWD OF 20,000
STUDENTS OFF THE FIELD. IF AN ON FIELD CELEBRATION
HAPPENS, WE LET THEM GO OUT & CELEBRATE.”
OSU CHIEF OF POLICE

4. WHAT POLICY DID THE SEC IMPLEMENT IN 2004 REGARDING
CROWD CONTROL FOR FOOTBALL & BASKETBALL GAMES?
-IF FANS SWARM ONTO THE COURT AFTER A GAME THE HOME
SCHOOL IS FINED:
1ST OFFENSE: $5,000
2ND OFFENSE: $25,000
3RD OFFENSE: $50,000

5. WHAT ARE SOME CROWD-RELATED INCIDENTS THAT A
PRUDENT FACILITY MANAGER NEEDS TO BE ABLE TO
FORESEE & ANTICIPATE?
1) MANAGING THE MOVEMENT & ACTIVITIES OF GUESTS.
2) ASSISTING IN EMERGENCIES.
3) ASSISTING GUESTS WITH SPECIFIC CONCERNS
RELATED TO THEIR ENJOYMENT/INVOLVEMENT WITH
THE EVENT.

6. FESTIVAL SEATING
‘SEATING’ UP NEXT TO THE BARRICADE IN FRONT OF THE
STAGE.

7. FORESEEABILITY
“REASONABLE ANTICIPATION THAT HARM OR INJURY IS A LIKELY
RESULT FROM CERTAIN ACTS OR OMISSIONS”

8. INVITEE
-MOST FANS ARE CLASSIFIED AS INVITEES
-USUALLY PROVIDE THE PROPERTY OWNER WITH SOME MONETARY BENEFIT
-PURCHASING A TICKET
-BUYING FOOD & BEVERAGES
-OWED THE GREATEST DEGREE OF CARE FROM ANY KNOWN DEFECTS OR
PROBLEMS

9. BEARMAN V. NOTRE DAME

10. -OCCURRED OCTOBER 1979 IN UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME PARKING
LOT
-INTOXICATED SPECTATOR FELL ON MRS. BEARMAN BREAKING HER
LEG
-BEARMAN SUED NOTRE DAME CLAIMING UNIVERSITY HAD A DUTY TO
PROTECT HER FROM NEGLIGENT ACTS OF A 3RD
PARTY
-COURT FOUND NOTRE DAME HAD A DUTY TO PROTECT ITS INVITEES
FROM NEGLIGENT 3RD
-PARTY ACTS
-BECAUSE ALCOHOL WAS SERVED IT WAS FORESEEABLE THAT SOME
INDIVIDUALS COULD POSE A GENERAL DANGER TO OTHERS

11. WHAT IS “PEER-GROUP” SECURITY PERSONNEL?
-SECURITY PERSONNEL WHO ARE RECRUITED/HIRED
FROM THE SAME DEMOGRAPHICS AS THE EVENT FANS
-PRO: CAN BETTER RELATE TO THE CROWD &
UNDERSTAND THEIR ACTIONS
-CON: FACILITY WOULD HAVE TO HIRE DIFFERENT
SECURITY FOR DIFFERENT EVENTS

12. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES TO OUTSOURCING EVENT
SECURITY?
ADVANTAGES:
1) PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE
2) LIABILITY TRANSFER
DISADVANTAGES:
1) COST
2) CONTROL

13. HOW HAS CROWD MANAGEMENT CHANGED POST 9/11?
1) INCREASED COSTS
-MORE SECURITY MEASURES (PERSONNEL &
TECHNOLOGY)
-INSURANCE.
2) PAT-DOWN SEARCHES
3) CREDENTIALING
4) NATIONAL SPECIAL SECURITY EVENTS
-2002 SUPER BOWL & WINTER OLYMPICS
-SECRET SERVICE TAKES LEAD

14. IN DETERMINING IF A PAT-DOWN SEARCH IS LEGAL, WHAT
3 CRITERIA DO THE COURTS LOOK AT?
1) IF THE CONDUCT WAS CONSIDERED TO BE STATE
ACTION
2) IF THE CONDUCT COULD BE CONSIDERED A SEARCH
3) IF THE SEARCH WAS REASONABLE

15. WHAT IS THE ONLY NFL CITY WHERE PAT-DOWN SEARCHES HAVE
BEEN SUCCESSFULLY CHALLENGED IN COURT?
TAMPA

16. VULNERABILITY SELF-ASSESSMENT TOOL
AN ONLINE PROGRAM DESIGNED TO BE INTEGRATED
WITH A FACILITY’S SOP’S
-ALLOWS SECURITY MANAGERS THE OPPORTUNITY TO
ASSESS THE VULNERABILITIES OF THEIR PUBLIC
ASSEMBLY FACILITIES.