2. Unitary Republic of Indonesia
Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia
Capital:
Jakarta
Total area:
1,904,569 km2
Total Population:
249.6 million (2012)
Gross Domestic Product:
US$ 878.2 billion (2012)
GNI/capita:
US$ 3420 (2012)
Brief Profile
“Garuda Pancasila”
Official symbol of Indonesia
“Red-White”
Official flag of Indonesia
3. History sejarah
Independence
Colonization
1. Old Orde
(1945-1965)
by:
Kingdoms
Period
1. Hindu and
Buddhist
kingdoms
2. Rise of
Islamic States
2. New Orde
1. Portuguese
(1966-1998)
2. British
3. Reformation
3. Dutch
(1999-now)
4. Japan
4. Ideology & Constitution
• Ideology of Indonesia is Pancasila (the five
principles):
1. Divinity / ketuhanan
2. Humanity / kemanusiaan
3. Unity / persatuan
4. Deliberation / permusyawaratan
5. Social Justice / keadilan sosial.
• Indonesian constitution established in 1945
6. Decentralisation desentralisasi
• Reformation era demand for decentralisation of
power and establishing of Regional Autonomy
(Otonomi Daerah) by 1999.
• Today, Indonesia has 34 provinces that consists of:
Jakarta Capital Territory (DKI Jakarta), 31 Regional
Autonomies, and 2 Special Regional Autonomies
(Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam & Papua)
• North Kalimantan (Kalimantan Utara) is newestablished province (since 2012).
7. Executive
eksekutif
• Executive power headed by a president and
ministers (presidential system).
• President directly elected by people for 5
years term and can be re-elected for one
period.
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Indonesia’s current president
• Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) is current
(6th) president that re-elected for second
period (2009-2014) and also leader of
Democrat Party.
8. The authorities of The President:
a) Make government regulations;
b) Submit bills (Rancangan UU);
c) Passing laws with DPR to reach an
agreement;
d) Supreme leader of army force and
declare war;
Presidential Seal
e) Appoint Ambassador and consul;
f) Appoint supreme judges as
nominated by Judicial Commission
and confirmed by DPR.
Merdeka Palace
the official residence of the President
9. LEGISLATIVE
People’s Consultative Assembly
Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat
Upper House
House of Regional
Representative
Lower House
House of People
Representative
• 1 term (5 years)
• Speaker: Irman Gusman
• Established: 2001
(first term: 2004-2009)
• unlimited (5 years)
• Speaker: Marzuki Alie
• Established: 1945
(de facto: 1915)
http://dpd.go.id/
http://dpr.go.id/
10. House of Regional Representative
Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD)
DPD has legislation,
consideration, and supervision
functions.
DPD power limited to several
fields of work:
1. regional autonomy
2. central and local relations
3. Formation and expansion
4. financial balancing and
implementation
5. tax, education, and religion
DPD Session in Parliament
Complex, Jakarta
11. House of People Representative
Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR)
DPR has legislation, budgeting,
and oversight functions.
DPR has power to:
1. submit and passess law.
2. Produces annual budget
together with President (taking into
consideration DPD).
3. Designate member of Financial
Auditor Body (BPK), taking into
consideration DPD.
4. Accept and discuss bills
submitted by DPD.
MPR/DPR Building
13. Judicative
Insignia of
“Mahkamah Agung”
• Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) sits
above the other courts and is the final
court of appeal (kasasi).
• There are 4 types courts below the
Supreme Court:
1. General Courts (pengadilan negeri)
2. Religious Courts (pengadilan agama)
3. Military Courts (pengadilan militer)
4. Administrative Courts (pengadilan tata
usaha negara).
•
.
Both of Supreme Court and
Constitutional Court have right to Judicial
Review (level of review is different)
14. Judicative
Hamdan Zoelva
new elected chief judge
of Constitutional Court
• Contitutional Court (Mahkamah Konstitusi)
has jurisdiction over the cases of:
1. constitutional review of legislation
2. dispute over authority of state institution
3. dissolution of political parties
4. dispute over election results
5. impeachment of the president
• Judicial Commission (Komisi Yudisial) has
authority to:
1. nominating chief for Supreme Court
2. maintain judges dignity and behavior
3. establish code of conduct of judges
16. Election pemilihan
• The President is elected by absolute majority vote to serve a 5year term.
• In the DPD, 132 members are elected by single non-transferable
vote to serve 5-year terms.
• In the DPR 560 members are elected by open list proportional
representation in multi-member constituencies to serve 5-year
terms.
• Presidential Threshold: 20%, 25% of votes in the last DPR
election
• Parliamentary Threshold: 2.5%
• Voting is not compulsory.
17. Military militer
• According to globalfirepower, Indonesia ranked 15th
in military strength in 2013.
• Government and military conducting Revolution of
Military Affairs (RMA) to improve and increase
national defence through concept of Kekuatan Pokok
Minimum (Minimum Essential Force) by 2019.
• Nowadays, Indonesia doing cooperations with many
countries to reduce defence dependency with
several state.
18. Domestic
Issues:
Corruption
Commission of Corruption Eradication (KPK) building, Jakarta
• From Jan-Nov 2013, corruption in Indonesia have been
involved senior police officer, judge of Constitutional
Court, ministers, governors, and cader of ruling party
• Commission of Corruption Eradication (Komisi
Pemberantasan Korupsi – KPK) become most respected
and trusted government’s legal institution by public after
dismantling many cases of corruption.
19. Domestic
Issues:
Communal
conflict
Communal Conflict in Indonesia
• Indonesia is a very heterogen country and thus have very big
potential of communal conflict.
• Other causes of this communal conflict are:
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Disobedience of local wisdom (pengabaian kearifan lokal)
Legal uncertainty (ketidakpastian hukum)
Economic trouble (himpitan ekonomi)
Indecisiveness leadership (ketidaktegasan pemerintah)
Decentralisation (desentralisasi)
Democratisation process (proses demokratisasi)
Crisis of public confidence (kepercayaan publik) in government
20. Foreign Policy Kebijakan Luar Negeri
“a thousands friends – zero enemy”
(contemporary slogan of Indonesian foreign
policy)
Indonesia active in participating and organizing
international conferences on security, economic
and trade, democracy, and environmental issues.
As the most populous muslim country, Indonesia
shows more attention to muslim-invoved issues.
ex: Palestine, Rohingya, Arab Spring.
21. • Indonesia maintaining its
doctrine of foreign policy
since independence,
namely, Bebas dan Aktif
(free and active).
• Other focus of foreign
policy:
a. investment policy
b. migrant workers (TKI)
c. national unity
d. international justice and
order
e. regional integration
President SBY and UN Secretary
General Ban Ki-Moon
Indonesia Foreign Minister
Marty Natalegawa
22. Indonesia and ASEAN
Indonesia as Chairman of ASEAN and
host of ASEAN Summit 2011
Indonesia is one of ASEAN’S
founding fathers.
ASEAN is Indonesia’s foreign
policy priority.
The host of ASEAN annual
meeting for 3 times (1976, 2003,
2011) and also the country where
ASEAN secretariat located.
ASEAN Secretariat Building
Jakarta - Indonesia
23. Indonesia and ASEAN
Indonesia actively encourage region
stabilisation and multidimension
cooperation to prepare ASEAN
Community 2015.
Indonesia plays role in many issues in
southeast Asia:
- Phillipine – MNLF reconciliation
- conflict and democratisation in
Myanmar
- East Timor membership in ASEAN
- South China Sea disputes
24. Transnational Issues / Isu Transnasional
Indonesia – Australia on illegal immigrant
issue.
Indonesia – Malaysia on maritim boundary
issue.
Indonesia – Singapore on maritim boundary
issue.
etc.
