This document discusses different perspectives on democracy from Marx, Rousseau, and Plato. It proposes a model for democratic decision making that assigns coefficients to voters based on their knowledge and how decisions impact them. This aims to reduce the gap between governments and citizens by structuring power based on knowledge, while integrating public participation and preventing demagoguery. The document suggests experimenting with and refining this model, and investigating how other nations could participate in important decisions that influence them.

1.  
Behnam Faghih
International Conference for E-Democracy and Open
Government 2014 (CeDEM14 )

2. Marx
 Democracy means free participation of people to display
democracy and giving opportunity to minority to have the
chance to become the members of the majority
 As long as private ownership of properties exists, the owner
of this class uses this freedom for their personal objectives
 So the majority will be prevented
The dictatorship of bourgeois
(Ashouri, 1994)

3. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
 Four conditions to implement democracy (Rousseau, 1950):
1. A very small state, where the people can readily be got together
and where each citizen can know all the rest with ease
2. Great simplicity of manners, to prevent business from multiplying
and raising thorny problems
3. A large measure of equality in rank and fortune, without which
equality of rights and authority cannot long subsist
4. Little or no luxury-for luxury either comes from riches or makes
them necessary

4. Plato
(Wolff, 2002, p. 29)
 Denies democracy completely
 The health of the state is of no less importance than the
health of the individuals within that state. Taking a vote on
matters of state is just as mad as taking a vote on matters
of health. Democracy, then, is utterly irrational
 Example: imagine that you have a serious problem with one
of your hands and you are not sure whether or not you
should let the doctors cut it

5. In Plato's view point, it should be considered that although ordinary
people would not be able to have a viewpoint as good as a
specialist, but they could have some experiences which can be
considered as valuable knowledge.
If a sick person goes to see one hundred non-specialist people
M agreements
N disagreements
And also see 5 doctors
X agreements
Y disagreements
Comparing M+X (the number of agreements)
N+Y (the number of disagreements)
Comparing (N×1) + (Y×15) and (M×1) +(X×15)

6. The coefficients can become more accurate
Dividing five doctors into five categories:
Specialist=30
Academic doctors=25
Senior doctors=20
Junior doctors=15
Medical students=10
Ordinary people should be divided into different categories
Have experienced the same disease,
Have experienced some similar diseases
Do not have any experience at all
To have a better choice if other parameters:
Number of books
Number of papers
Number of similar patients and result of their treatments

7.  Importance of people in a society differs in different
matters
 The model can be expanded to all important decisions in
the whole world

8.  Realization of democracy in the truest sense of the word
(rule of the people)
 Reduction of the gap between government and citizens
 Power structure based on knowledge
 Integration of the world
 The candidates cannot use demagoguery method to get
people’s vote

9. Participation of people in different decisions (but not
every simple decision) being made all over the world,
that influence their lives (directly or indirectly),
specifying the coefficients of voters by considering
knowledge and amount of impact of decision on
them, and these coefficients can be positive, zero or
even negative, and also coefficients of each voter can
be different in different decisions.

10.  Specifying the subjects that people should make decisions
themselves instead of the deputations
 Specifying the fields that make differentiation among people. In
other words the options that show importance of each voter
should be specified
 Experimental implementation of the model in sub systems to
evaluate and clarify related statistics
 Diagnosing the importance of this method of voting in different
nations and the amount of usability and uselessness
 Investigating the interaction between countries and investigating
the methods that other nations would be able to participate in
important voting of other countries that influence their lives

11.  Ashouri, D. (1994). Encyclopaedia of Politics (Persian:
Dānesh-nāme-ye siāsi). Tehran: Morvarid.
 Rousseau, J. J. (1950). The Social Contract and Discourse.
(H. G. Cole, Übers.) New York: E. P. Dutton.
 Wolff, J. (2002). Are we good enough for democracy? Think,
1(2), 29-34.

12. Thanks