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Culture Conflict Communication
- 2. CULTURE, CONFLICT AND COMMUICATION IN THE GLOBAL WORKFORCE March 27, 2008 University of Illinois Dr. Gary R. Weaver American University
- 3. WHY IS DIVERSITY IMPORTANT? Changing demographics Not just in urban areas “Globalization”
- 4. The American Culture Today • Not a Cultural Cookie Cutter or Melting Pot • Patchwork Quilt • Salad Bowl • Mosaic • Tapestry
- 5. Minorities in USA Today 12% African American 15% Hispanic 4% Asian and Pacific Islanders 1% American Indian
- 6. TO MORE EFFECTIVELY SERVE YOUR CLIENTS Conveying information Developing skills Overcoming barriers caused by differences Using differences to create synergy
- 7. TRAITS THAT CORRELATE WITH FAILURE IN CROSS- CULTURAL INTERACTIONS • Low tolerance to ambiguity or high uncertainty avoidance • Overly task-oriented or high need for individual achievement • Overly closed-minded and inflexible
- 8. What is “Culture?” • culture - the way of life (values, beliefs and behaviors) of a people passed down from one generation to the next through learning
- 9. Generalization vs. Stereotype • Cultural Generalization • Cultural Stereotype – Never applies to everyone – Applies to everyone in every situation in every situation – – Only a first “guess” no exceptions – Discard it when no longer – Retained even when accurate or useful no longer accurate or useful
- 12. Culture is like an Iceberg. Most of it is UNDER the water.
- 13. BEHAVIOR BELIEFS VALUES AND THOUGHT PATTERNS
- 14. As we interact, differences will become LESS important. • Leon Festinger – Theory of Cognitive Dissonance • Muzafir Sherif – Development of a “Superordinate Goal”
- 15. CULTURAL CONTINUUMS To Do To Be • Earned Status • Ascribed Status • Individual Achievement • Affiliation • Individual Action • Stability • Equality • Inequality • Immediate family • Extended Family • Self Reliance • Reliance on Others • Independence • Interdependence • Individual Competition • Cooperation • Individualism • Collectivism • Guilt • Shame • Future • Past or Heritage • Class Mobility • Caste Rigidity
- 18. What Doesn’t Fit? Nice weather we’re having! Sunny, high in the 70s. Haven’t we met before?
- 19. What Doesn’t Fit? • Nice weather we’re having! • Haven’t we met before? • High-Context - Relational - Associative • To Be - Poets • Sunny, high in the 70s. • Low Context - Abstractive - Analytical • To Do - Memo Writers/Lawyers
- 20. Communication Styles A B
- 21. Communication Styles A B
- 22. Communication Styles A B
- 23. Communication Styles A B
- 24. Project Timeline Stage One Stage Two Stage Three Stage Four 0-6 6 - 12 12 - 18 18 - 24 Months months Months months
- 25. Project Timeline Stage Stage Stage One Stage Two Three Four 0 - 12 12 - 18 18 - 22 22 -24 Months Months Months Months
- 26. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION We send messages, not meaning To Do people tend to be verbally-oriented To Do people trust vision
- 27. Cross-Cultural Conflict
- 28. QUESTIONS: How do you know if it’s a conflict? Is it escalating or de-escalating? When do you resolve it? When it is beyond resolution? How do you resolve the conflict?
- 29. Resources • Hall, Edward. Beyond Culture. • Weaver, Gary R., ed. Culture, Communication and Conflict, 2nd edition. Boston, MA:Pearson Publishing, 2000. • Weaver, Gary R. and Adam Mendelson, America’s Midlife Crisis: The Future of a Troubled Superpower, Boston, MA: Intercultural Press, 2008 • www.interculturalpress.com • www.imi.american.edu