1. The Rock Cycle Crystal Quartz Sedimentary Rock

2. The Rock Cycle Three Types of Rock Cooling Igneous Magma/ Lava Heat/ Pressure Erosion/ Lithification Erosion/ Lithification Metamorphic Sedimentary Heat/ Pressure

3. Igneous Rock Formed two ways Underground  Intrusive (or Plutonic) Cooling magma chambers Above ground Extrusive (or Volcanic) Cooling lava

4. Igneous Rock Cooling Rates Rapid cooling Fine texture No visible crystals Sometimes glassy Sometimes full of air pockets Slow cooling Coarse texture Large crystalsvisible

5. Igneous Rock Mafic Rock Rich in magnesium (Mg) and iron (Fe) Felsic Rock Rich in feldspar and silica (quartz)

6. Activity Were they cooled rapidly or slowly?

7. Metamorphic Rock Formed from Igneous and Sedimentary rock Changed by underground conditions (metamorphosed) Heat, pressure, and strain

8. Metamorphic Rock Regional Metamorphism Large-scale Heat and pressure work together 5- 40 km underground Contact Metamorphism Lava or magma in contact with rock Dynamic Metamorphism Pressure along fault zones Mylonites

9. Metamorphic Rock Foliated- Orientation of minerals is perpendicular to direction of pressure. Non-foliated- No preferred orientation.

10. Sedimentary Rock Formed from sediment Sediment- sand, pebbles, mud, dust… How is sediment created? Erosion- weathering of rock causes material to break off

11. Sedimentary Rock Lithification- loose sediment is collected and hardened into rock Compaction Recrytallization Cementation

12. Sedimentary Rock Form in beds of sediment deposition Caused by currents, waves, drying conditions Ripple marks, mud cracks…

13. Activity What type of rock is it?

14. Activity What type of rock is it?

15. The Rock Cycle

16. Photo Sources Mike Beauregard, “Stripes”, June 2010 via flickr, Creative Commons Attribution. Brenda Clark, “Crystal 1”, April 28,2009 via flickr, Creative Commons Attribution. Tourist_on_earth, “Amethyst”, June 21, 2008 via flickr, Creative Commons Attribution. Kevin Walsh, “Obsidian”, August 14, 2007 via flickr, Creative Commoms Attribution. SiimSepp, “Gniess”, April 20, 2005 via wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution. ZeWrestler, “Conglomerate Rock”, October 4, 2009 via wikimedia, Creative Commons Attirbution. Burkina Faso, “Dry Lake”, January 2008 via wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution. Benjamint444, “Pumice Stone”, September 2010 via wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution. Peter Bockstaller, “Breccia”, 2007 via wikimedia, Creative Commons Attribution.