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Glomerulonephritis
- 2. SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON GLOMERULONEPHRITIS PRESENTED BY- MISS. DIKSHA SINGH B.SC.NURSING 3RD YEAR 2017 BATCH VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF NURSING
- 3. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To deal with glomerulonephritis- Introduction Definition Incidence rate Types Etiology and risk factors Pathophysiology Clinical manifestation
- 4. CONT.. Diagnostic evaluation Management -pharmacological management -non pharmacological management -patient education -surgical management -nursing management Complication Outlook
- 5. INTRODUCTION It is a term used to refers to several kidney disease (both kidney) characterized by inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidney. These knots of blood vessels help to filter the blood and remove excess fluid. If glomeruli are damaged , kidney will stop working properly and can lead to kidney failure. It is sometimes called nephritis. Also known as Bright’s disease.
- 6. DEFINITION Glomerulonephriti s is a kidney condition tha involves damage/inflammati on to the glomeruli and its blood vessels.
- 7. INCIDENCE RATE Incidence rate of primary glomerulonephritis vary between 0.2/100000/year and 2.5/100000/year. This disease can exist subclinically and is therefore only detected by chance in some patients.
- 8. TYPES OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS There are two types of glomerulonephritis- 1. Acute glomerulonephritis 2. Chronic glomerulonephritis
- 9. TYPES Acute glomerulonephritis begins suddenly occur after 5-21 days of streptococcal infection. It may be problem with the immune system. Chronic glomerulonephritis Develops gradually over several years. Occur after acute phase. Irreversible damage to kidney that can lead to complete kidney failure. Shows few symptoms. No clear cause.
- 10. CAUSES Cause Streptococcal infection Abscessed tooth SLE Goodpasture syndrome Amyloidosis Granulomatosis with polyangitis Polyarteritis nodosa Cause Hereditary disease Immune disease Genetic History of cancer Exposure to some hydrocarbons
- 11. CONT.. Causes Vasculitis Endocarditis High blood pressure Diabetes Risk factor Overdose of NSAIDS
- 12. SYMPTOMS Symptoms Puffiness in face Oliguria Dysuria Gross hematuria High blood pressure Symptoms Proteinuria High blood pressure Swelling in ankles and face Foamy urine Abdominal pain
- 13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Due to etiological factor like immune, streptococcal infection Release of antigen subsatnce into the circulation In response formation of antiboy occur Formation of antigen and antibody complex in the glomerulus Inflammatory response Proliferation of epithelial cells lining the glomerulus Leukocytes infiltration of the glomerulus
- 14. CONT.. Thickening of the glomerular filtration membrane Scarring and loss of glomerular filtration membrane Decrease GFR and glomerular plasma flow Retention of sodium and water Edema and hypertension
- 15. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History collection Physical examination Urineanalysis Blood test Biopsy Intravenous pyelogram Immunological test CT scan USG Chest X-ray
- 16. MANAGEMENT: MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Pharmacological management Treatement depend on the cause of disorder , type and severity of symptoms. -diuretic-e.g.chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide -immunosuppresants-e.g.cyclosporine antiproliferative agent-e.g.azathioprine -antihypertensive drug ACE inhibitors-e.g.benazepril, perindopril, enalapril Angiotensin receptor blocker-e.g.losartan
- 17. CONT.. Corticosteroids-e.g.decadron, cotolone Plasmapheresis Dialysis if condition worsen Non pharmacological management Sodium and water restriction. Potassium, phosphorus, magnesium restriction. Limit intake of protein in the diet. Take calcium supplements. Maintain healthy weight through diet $ excercise.
- 18. CONT.. Measure liquid intake. Patient education Breathing excercise – pursed lip $ diaphragmatic breathing. Endurance excercise such as walking, swimming, bicycling, aerobic dancing, circulatory excercise. This excercise improves blood circulation, accelerate kidney to discharge waste and toxins. To quit smoking.
- 19. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT KIDNEY TRANSPLANT- It is done to treat kidney failure when glomerulonephritis is difficult to treat with medication and other procedure and there is immediate need to replace the diseased kidney.
- 20. NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING DIAGNOSIS- 1. Acute pain related to inflammation of renal cortex as evidenced by facial expression and patient verbalization. 2. Excess fluid volume related to accumulation of fluid in the body as evidenced by edema and weight gain. 3. Ineffective breathing pattern related to accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity as evidenced by respiratory rate, dyspnea.
- 21. COMPLICATIONS Nephrotic syndrome Acute and chronic renal failure Chronic kidney disease Electrolyte imbalance Chronic UTI Congestive heart failure Malignant hypertension Pulmonary edema Increased risk of infection
- 22. OUTLOOK If glomerulonephritis early caught then acute glomerulonephritis could be temporary and chronic glomerulonephritis could be slowed. If glomerulonephritis worsen, causes reduced kidney function which turn into chronic renal failure and then into end stage renal disease.