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TRIBAL MUSIC OF INDIA

                  Divya & Nishant




                                    1
ABSTRACT

• Need to study tribal music as a special field.
• The peculiar Instruments: Santhals.
• Contribution of tribal music to Indian music.
• Current Scenario




                                                   2
WHAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT?
• It can never be studied in isolation from the social and
  ritual contexts of the people concerned.
• The instruments used are not as refined as the ones
  used in classical/western music.
• Music amongst tribals are not conceived as exclusive
  property of its individual members, but of the
  community as a whole.



                                                             3
TRIBAL MUSIC POSSESSES A WELL-BUILT
              COMMUNITY BASIS.
• For this very reason, tribal music even if framed by individual
  composers remain anonymous.
• A hereditary process of learning. There are no finishing schools
  the music is passed down from generations to generations.
• There is no formal period of apprenticeship where the student is
  able to devote their entire life to learning the music.




                                                                     4
Troisi (1979) : “ From the time a girl can toddle, she joins the line of dancers, while little boys ape
                                    the antics of the drummers.”                                      5
INSTRUMENTS
• Tribal musical instruments are generally manufactured by the
  musicians themselves, making use of materials like coconut
  shells, animal skin, etc.
• Skin, peritoneum, bamboo, coconut shells, and pots are but a
  few commonly available materials used to make musical
  instruments.


As you shall observe in the coming slides…




                                                                 6
Tuntuna or Chohokhode


Found among the Bhil, Kukna,
and Warli people of Western India.




                                 7
Kashth tarang or marimba india’s xylophone




   Wooden resonating Bars.
   Unlike Xylophone, there are no resonating chambers.


                                                         8
Charchari




• Mundas of North East India and Santhals.




                                        9
Timki: Gond, Baiga, and Bharia peoples of Madhya Pradesh

                                                           10
LANGI TRIBE OF RAJASTHAN PERFORMING, RIFF 2009,




     Instruments: Sarangi, Dholak, Morchang, Algoza, Shehnai, Khartal, Jal Tarang, Murli.
                                                                                        11
Santhals


Largest tribal community in India, who live mainly in the
 states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and
                        Assam.




                                                            12
Dhodro banam: A bowed instrument carved out of a single log
of wood of a tree which according to santal story, grew out of the
                     flesh of a human being.


                                                                13
Tirio: The instrument most favored by santals, is bamboo flute
 with seven holes. It is viewed as a symbol of love and seduction.

                                                                     14
SONGS
•   The Santali word for song is “Sereng”.
•   Songs which accompany the events of the life-cycle-birth, initiation, marriage, and
    death.
•   Agricultural songs have an element of ritual associated with them, and there is often a
    real fear that the harvest may not prove fruitful unless great care is taken over the
    formalities.
•   Songs to propitiate their deities, in the belief that this will ensure the success of their
    ventures, and songs to give thanks at the successful conclusion of the hunt.
•   In festivals and celebration, one may also hear songs describing their ancestry and the
    origin of the tribe.
•   Even when things go wrong, in times of disease, drought, or shortage of food, the tribal
    shaman is often invoked, and he generally has his own repertoire of songs.



                                                                                              15
CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN MUSIC
• Pannalal Ghosh (1911-1960) is credited with the introduction of the
  bānsurī (North Indian bamboo flute) into Hindustani classical music in
  the twentieth century.
• He was the first to introduce the seven hole flute or as Santals would
  call it the Tirio.
• The PhD thesis by Carl Clements refers to the influence of Santali
  culture on Pannalal Ghosh:

“While he worked hard all day, he spent much of his free time with the Santhal villagers. One of
the more interesting points in this story is the fact that the Santhals played a kind of bansuri, as
 well as a drum known as madal, along with their singing and dancing. PG very much liked the
music and dancing of the Santhals, and in turn, the Santhals enjoyed his bansuri playing. Parul
 Ghosh notes that, despite the many concerts he played for cultivated audiences, in later years
             he looked back to his days playing for the Santhals as his greatest joy.“


                                                                                              16
LEGENDS TOGETHER.




                    17
CURRENT SCENARIO
• A workshop for the Santal flute called Tirio and Murli was held 16th September
  2012 at Ghosaldanga near Santiniketan.


• The workshop marked the beginning of a major effort, namely to actively
  involve Santali villagers and youths in the revival of their musical heritage.


• It agreed to follow the traditional way of preparing Santal instruments.


 • Credits: Gokul Hansda, Santal flute player, educator and President (2012) of
                   the Ghosaldanga Bishnubati Adibasi Trust.




                                                                                  18
IN A TOI-AHMEDABAD NEWS DATED OCT 2008
 •   To document and preserve unique musical instrument, Bhasha Research and Publication
     Centre is undertaking a project with support from ministry of tribal affairs.
 •   The plan is to convert material in all Tribal Research and Training museums (TRTIs) to
     digital format and form a National Consortium of Indian Tribal Arts and Culture.




  And today, 2012 The National Consortium of Tribal Arts and Culture
   created by Bhasha is the single largest digital resource for adivasi
                        art expression in India.




                                                                                              19
20
THATTINMELKALI KERALA




 Kolkali = Kol(stick) + Kali(dance); Mesmerizing rhythm with sticks.
                                                                       21
DAFFLI




         22

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Tribal music of India

  • 1. TRIBAL MUSIC OF INDIA Divya & Nishant 1
  • 2. ABSTRACT • Need to study tribal music as a special field. • The peculiar Instruments: Santhals. • Contribution of tribal music to Indian music. • Current Scenario 2
  • 3. WHAT MAKES IT DIFFERENT? • It can never be studied in isolation from the social and ritual contexts of the people concerned. • The instruments used are not as refined as the ones used in classical/western music. • Music amongst tribals are not conceived as exclusive property of its individual members, but of the community as a whole. 3
  • 4. TRIBAL MUSIC POSSESSES A WELL-BUILT COMMUNITY BASIS. • For this very reason, tribal music even if framed by individual composers remain anonymous. • A hereditary process of learning. There are no finishing schools the music is passed down from generations to generations. • There is no formal period of apprenticeship where the student is able to devote their entire life to learning the music. 4
  • 5. Troisi (1979) : “ From the time a girl can toddle, she joins the line of dancers, while little boys ape the antics of the drummers.” 5
  • 6. INSTRUMENTS • Tribal musical instruments are generally manufactured by the musicians themselves, making use of materials like coconut shells, animal skin, etc. • Skin, peritoneum, bamboo, coconut shells, and pots are but a few commonly available materials used to make musical instruments. As you shall observe in the coming slides… 6
  • 7. Tuntuna or Chohokhode Found among the Bhil, Kukna, and Warli people of Western India. 7
  • 8. Kashth tarang or marimba india’s xylophone Wooden resonating Bars. Unlike Xylophone, there are no resonating chambers. 8
  • 9. Charchari • Mundas of North East India and Santhals. 9
  • 10. Timki: Gond, Baiga, and Bharia peoples of Madhya Pradesh 10
  • 11. LANGI TRIBE OF RAJASTHAN PERFORMING, RIFF 2009, Instruments: Sarangi, Dholak, Morchang, Algoza, Shehnai, Khartal, Jal Tarang, Murli. 11
  • 12. Santhals Largest tribal community in India, who live mainly in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Assam. 12
  • 13. Dhodro banam: A bowed instrument carved out of a single log of wood of a tree which according to santal story, grew out of the flesh of a human being. 13
  • 14. Tirio: The instrument most favored by santals, is bamboo flute with seven holes. It is viewed as a symbol of love and seduction. 14
  • 15. SONGS • The Santali word for song is “Sereng”. • Songs which accompany the events of the life-cycle-birth, initiation, marriage, and death. • Agricultural songs have an element of ritual associated with them, and there is often a real fear that the harvest may not prove fruitful unless great care is taken over the formalities. • Songs to propitiate their deities, in the belief that this will ensure the success of their ventures, and songs to give thanks at the successful conclusion of the hunt. • In festivals and celebration, one may also hear songs describing their ancestry and the origin of the tribe. • Even when things go wrong, in times of disease, drought, or shortage of food, the tribal shaman is often invoked, and he generally has his own repertoire of songs. 15
  • 16. CONTRIBUTION TO INDIAN MUSIC • Pannalal Ghosh (1911-1960) is credited with the introduction of the bānsurī (North Indian bamboo flute) into Hindustani classical music in the twentieth century. • He was the first to introduce the seven hole flute or as Santals would call it the Tirio. • The PhD thesis by Carl Clements refers to the influence of Santali culture on Pannalal Ghosh: “While he worked hard all day, he spent much of his free time with the Santhal villagers. One of the more interesting points in this story is the fact that the Santhals played a kind of bansuri, as well as a drum known as madal, along with their singing and dancing. PG very much liked the music and dancing of the Santhals, and in turn, the Santhals enjoyed his bansuri playing. Parul Ghosh notes that, despite the many concerts he played for cultivated audiences, in later years he looked back to his days playing for the Santhals as his greatest joy.“ 16
  • 18. CURRENT SCENARIO • A workshop for the Santal flute called Tirio and Murli was held 16th September 2012 at Ghosaldanga near Santiniketan. • The workshop marked the beginning of a major effort, namely to actively involve Santali villagers and youths in the revival of their musical heritage. • It agreed to follow the traditional way of preparing Santal instruments. • Credits: Gokul Hansda, Santal flute player, educator and President (2012) of the Ghosaldanga Bishnubati Adibasi Trust. 18
  • 19. IN A TOI-AHMEDABAD NEWS DATED OCT 2008 • To document and preserve unique musical instrument, Bhasha Research and Publication Centre is undertaking a project with support from ministry of tribal affairs. • The plan is to convert material in all Tribal Research and Training museums (TRTIs) to digital format and form a National Consortium of Indian Tribal Arts and Culture. And today, 2012 The National Consortium of Tribal Arts and Culture created by Bhasha is the single largest digital resource for adivasi art expression in India. 19
  • 20. 20
  • 21. THATTINMELKALI KERALA Kolkali = Kol(stick) + Kali(dance); Mesmerizing rhythm with sticks. 21
  • 22. DAFFLI 22

Notas del editor

  1. One string instrument.
  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USEZ34ZDSRc
  3. It consists of a belly(lac) covered with an animal skin on which rests the bridge(sadam, lit, horse), an open chest( korom), a short neck(hotok)and a head (bohok) which is often beautifully carved in the shape of a human head, a couple or whole groups of humans or of animals. If the is a head, the tuning peg is inserted in the ear(lutur), and the gut string comes out the mouth.
  4. As you shall see in coming ppt,Tirio is a symbol of recognition of Santhals in India and even abroad.
  5. http://www.indiantribalheritage.org/?p=3488
  6. This is just one of the examples.. There are many others
  7. My friends here have explained today of the repression and rebellion of the tribals. But music, a divine form of art has helped many Santhals and other tribes to join the mainstream culture without compromising their identity and origin.
  8. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-10-13/ahmedabad/27894869_1_digitised-musical-instruments-tribal-areas
  9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mnxmfnd9Ee0