what is grinding process, superfinishing ,honing,lapping

1. GRINDING
SUBMITTED BY
AVINASH SNEHI (1214340049)
ME-1 3rd YEAR

2. • Objective of this presentation is to share info related to
Grinding Machines and its processes.
OBJECTIVE

3. Ginding Process
 Its purposes
Grinding Wheels
Grinding Wheel Wear
Categories of Grinding Machine
CONTENTS

4. • The Grinding process is used to produce a high surface
finish with a close tolerance and for machining hard
materials.
• The process is a variation of polishing and uses abrasive
materials held together by an adhesive in the form of a
solid wheel.
INTRODUCTION TO
GRINDING PROCESS

6. Hand Grinding Machine

8. • Removal of excess material
• Production of high surface finishes
• Machining very hard materials
• Good form and locational accuracy
Purposes for GRINDING

9. • A grinding wheel consists of abrasive particles and
bonding material. The bonding material holds the
particles in place and establishes the shape and structure
of the wheel.
• The wheel is generally made from a matrix of coarse
particles pressed and bonded together to form a solid
circular shape,various profiles and cross sections are
available depending on the uses for the wheels.
GRINDING WHEELS

10. GRINDING
WHEELS
GRINDING WHEEL

11. • To remove materials from a workpiece
• Each grains acts as a cutting tool
• It is a cheap formation process
• The only self sharpening cutting tool
• Considered as a abrasive machining
FUNCTIONS OF A GRINDING
WHEEL

12. STANDARD MARKING SYSTEM

13. • Abrasives are the intended for actual cutting action hence
they are the hard substances.
• A small nonmetallic hard particles having sharp edge.
• Capable of removing small amount of material from
surface through cutting process
ABRASIVES

14. Abrasives are classified as
• Aluminum Oxides
• Ceramic
• Silicon carbide
• Super Abrasive-DIAMOND
• Tungsten Carbide
ABRASIVES

15. • It is a material used as GLUE to hold the abrasive grains
together.Bond has no cutting action.The bonding
materials commonly used are
• Metal
• Resin
• Rubber
• silicate
Bond

16. TYPES OF GRINDING WHEEL

17. • Grinding wheel wear is an important consideration because it
adversly affects the shape and accuracy of ground surfaces as
in the case with cutting tools.
GRINDING WHEEL WEAR

18. • AttritiousWear
• Grain Fracture
• Bond Fracture
TYPES OF WEAR

19. • The cutting edges of a sharp grain become dull.
• Wear are caused by the interaction of the grain with the
workpiece involving both physical and chemical
reactions.
• These reactions involve diffusion,chemical degradation or
decomposition of the grain.
ATTRITIOUS WEAR

20. • Attritious wear is low when the two materials are chemically
inert with respect to each other.
• The more the inert the materials,the lower will be the tendency
of reaction.
• This wear based on the reactivity of the grain and the
workpiece and their relative mechanical properties such as
hardness and toughness.

21. Because abrasive grains are brittle,their fracture in grinding
are important.
• If the wear is excessive,the grain become dull.
• Grinding become inefficient and produces undesirably
high temperatures.
• New sharp cutting edge are produced continuously during
grinding.
GRAIN FRACTURE

23. • The strength of bond is a significant parameter in grinding.
• If the bond is too strong sharp grain along the circumference of
the grinding wheel can begin to the contact of workpiece thus
process becomes insufficient.
• If the bond is too weak the grain will dislodged easily,wear rate
is of wheel is increases then dimensional accuracy becomes
difficult.
BOND FRACTURE

24. • A grinding machine is a machine tool used for producing
very fine finishes or making very light cuts using an
abrasive wheel as the cutting device.
• A distinguishing feature of grinding machines is the
rotating abrasive tool.
• Grinding machine is employed to obtain high accuracy
along with very high class of surface finish on the
workpiece.
GRINDING MACHINES AND
OPERATIONS

25. 1. Surface Grinding
2. Cylindrical Grinding
3. Internal Grinding
4. Centered Grinding
5. Centerless Grinding
CATEGORIES OF GRINDING
MACHINE

26. • In this operation, the external or internal cylindrical
surface of a workpiece are ground. In external
cylindrical grinding (also center-type grinding) the
workpiece rotates and reciprocates along its axis
although for large and long workparts the grinding
wheel reciprocates.
• In internal cylindrical grinding, a small wheel grinds
the inside diameter of the part. The workpiece is held
in a rotating chuck in the headstock and the wheel
rotates at very high rotational speed. In this operation,
the workpiece rotates and the grinding wheel
reciprocates.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING

28. • Centered grinding is used to grind multi-diameter shafts
• Its also controls their concentricity
CENTERED GRINDING

30. • Centerless grinding is a process for continuously grinding
cylindrical surfaces in which the workpiece is supported
not by centers or chucks but by a rest blade. The
workpiece is ground between two wheels. The larger
grinding wheel does grinding, while the smaller
regulating wheel, which is tilted at an angle regulates the
velocity of the axial movement of the workpiece.
CENTRELESS GRINDING

33. • Surface grinding is an abrasive machining process in
which the grinding wheel removes material from the plain
flat surfaces of the workpiece.
• the spindle position is either horizontal or vertical.
• the relative motion of theworkpiece is achieved either by
reciprocating the workpiece past the wheel or by rotating
it.
SURFACE GRINDING

35. 1. Horizontal Spindle with Reciprocating Table
2. Horizontal Spindle with Rotary Table
3. Vertical Spindle with Reciprocating Table
4. Vertical Spindle with Rotary Table
CLASSIFICATIONS

37. • K.M.MOEED
• WIKIPEDIA
REFERENCES

38. THANKS... 