2. Aims of Session
• Introduce humoral medicine
• Note taking
• Skim reading
• What to put in your essay (working with narrative)
3. Humoral system of medicine
Humor Temperame Element Season Qualities Personal
nt qualities
Black bile melancholic Earth Autumn Cold/dry Creative,
kind,
considerate
Yellow/red sanguine Fire Summer Hot/dry Extroverted
bile social
blood choleric Air Spring Hot/wet Energetic,
passionate,
charismatic
phlegm phlegmatic Water Winter Cold/wet Dependable,
kind,
affectionate
8. Choleric
• Humor: Yellow Bile
• Element: Fire
• Season: Spring
• Age: Childhood
• Qualities: Hot & Dry
• Organ: Gall Bladder
• Planet: Mars
9.
10. Phlegmatic
• Humor: Phlegm
• Element: Water
• Season: Winter
• Age: Old Age
• Qualities: Cold & Moist
• Organ: Brain
• Planet: Moon
11. Which humour? Sanguine
Humor: Blood
Element: Air
Season: Summer
Age: Adolescence
Qualities: Hot & Dry
Organ: Heart
Planet: Jupiter
12. Which humour? Melancholic
Humor: Black Bile
Element: Earth
Season: Autumn
Age: Maturity
Qualities: Cold & Dry
Organ: Spleen
Planet: Saturn
13. Islamic medicine
• Reading 5.3
• Reading 5.4
How do these readings relate to the key principles of
Greek medicine?
14. European Medicine
• Reading 5.7
• Reading 5.8
How do these reading replicate and challenge Islamic
interpretations of Greek medical works?
15.
16. Case A
• unusual tiredness
• headache
• runny nose
• sore throat
• shortness of breath or cough
• loss of appetite
• aching muscles
• diarrhoea or vomiting
• It’s been very cold recently
17. Case B
• a headache
• aching muscles
• tummy ache, diarrhoea and vomiting
• weakness or lack of energy
• Shivering, hotness and sweating
• jaundice - yellow skin and eyeballs
• feeling light-headed or shaky
• Bleeding under the skin (showing as pin pricks or
bruises) or from the nose or gums
• pale or bluish skin
• fast heart beat & fast breathing
• Recent separation from husband
• Just returned from Africa with male friend
18. Case C
• has watery faeces with a mild, fishy smell and bits of
mucus - looks like water in which rice has been washed
• feels sick and vomit
• has abdominal (tummy) cramps
• Very thirsty, dry mouth, dry looking skin
• Very tired
• Sunken eyes
• has a fever
• recently travelled abroad
19. Skim reading
• Read headings
• Look at figures and examples
• Read first line and last line of each paragraph.
• Note down what the approximate content is of the
chapter.
• Note down what sources of evidence you have.
20. Thinking about your notes
Making notes
• When do you make notes?
• Why do you make notes?
• How do you make notes?
• Why do you make notes like this?
• Have you always made notes like this?
21. Some methods
• Linear
• Highlighting
• Underlining
• Concept tree/mind map/spider diagram
• Index cards
22. What happens next?
• What do you do with your notes?
• When do you use your notes?
• Why do you use your notes?
• How do you use your notes?
• Do your notes do what you want them to do?
• How do you know when they are working?
• How do you know when they aren’t working so well?
26. Record
• Record as many facts and ideas as you can
• Don’t write every word
• Don’t worry about grammatical correctness
• Use key words – streamline
27. Reduce or Question
• Reduce important facts to key words or phrases:
memory cues.
• Formulate questions based on the facts and ideas:
clarify meanings.
28. Recite
• State out loud and in your own words the facts and ideas
• Hearing your thoughts will sharpen your thinking
• Cover your notes while you are doing this.
• Leave your cue words and questions uncovered.
29. Reflect
• Enhance reflection by asking yourself questions:
– How do these facts fit into what I already know?
– How can I apply them?
– How is knowing this important?
– What is their significance?
30. Recapitulate
• Summarise your notes at the bottom of the note page.
• Write in your own words
• Reflect the main points you want to remember
32. The system
2. Reduce or
Question: write
key phrases or
1. Record: write
question that
down facts and
serve as cues for
ideas in phrases.
notes taken in
class.
Cue phrases and
questions should
be in your own 4. & 5. reflect and
words. 4 & 5 Reflect and
review
Review
Review your notes
3. Recite: Review your notes
periodically by reciting
With classroom periodically by reciting
think about what you
notes covered, think about what you
have learned.
read each key have learned.
word or question.
Recite the fact or
idea brought to
mind by key words 6. Recapitulate: summarise each main
or questions idea
Use complete sentences
The symptoms of cholera are caused by the V. cholerae bacteria producing a poison (toxin) in your small bowel. A large number of the V. cholerae bacteria are required to produce enough toxin to cause the symptoms. Cholera is usually spread through water contaminated with infected faeces. If you drink contaminated water you may develop symptoms. You can also get cholera from contaminated food, particularly poorly cooked seafood. It's rare to catch cholera directly from another person. The main treatment for cholera is to replace the fluids that you have lost through diarrhoea. Your body will then usually fight off the infection by itself. You should drink enough fluids to replace those you have lost. It's also advisable that you take an oral rehydration therapy to replace lost salt and minerals. You can buy these from your pharmacist. Always read the patient information that comes with your medicine and if you have any questions, ask your pharmacist for advice. You can also make homemade solutions using sugar and salt, but you should contact your GP or pharmacist for advice first.