SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 42
Descargar para leer sin conexión
It’s Hard
           and that’s why (and how)
        we succeed (which is a lot of fun)


Dre w Dav id so n
a little bit about me
Games & Learning

Anyone who tries to make a distinction between
education and entertainment doesn’t know the
first thing about either.
Games & Learning

Anyone who tries to make a distinction between
education and entertainment doesn’t know the
first thing about either.
Games & Learning

Anyone who tries to make a distinction between
education and entertainment doesn’t know the
first thing about either.
Games & Learning

Anyone who tries to make a distinction between
education and entertainment doesn’t know the
first thing about either.
Learning & Games

Games Teach us how to Play

Rhythmic, Repeating Structures

Master Gameplay Mechanics

Give us Agency

Impact beyond Game
Games make Learning Fun!


Covert Learning

So Much Fun

Don’t Even Realize You’re Learning

Gamification - Rewards & Achievements
Really?
It’s Hard



Games are HARD
Really Hard



Games are HARD

Learning is HARD
Challenge is Good


Games aren’t just Fun

Difficult Challenges

Fun has a Half-Life

Pleasantly Frustrating
Flow & Failure


Rewarding Challenges

Difficulty & Mastery

Develop Learning Literacy
Learning Literacy


How to Learn

Challenge Yourself

Create on Your Own

Life-Long Skill
Learning Literacy


How to Learn

Challenge Yourself

Create on Your Own

Life-Long Skill
Pleasantly Frustrating



The Challenge

 of Games & Learning
Pleasantly Frustrating



Not too Simple
Pleasantly Frustrating



Not too Simple

Not too Hard
Both Learning & Games

Learning: Beginning   Intermediate Advanced
Both Learning & Games

Games:   Noob   Casual   Hardcore
Both Learning & Games

Difficulty:   Easy     Medium       Hard

Learning: Beginning   Intermediate Advanced

 Games:       Noob      Casual    Hardcore
Challenge is Fun


Meet them at their Mastery

Engage through Challenges

Give them Agency

Failure, Doubt, Curiosity
Failure

Learn from our Mistakes, Develop Grit

Fail Faster, Experiment, Explore

Rapid Prototyping

Iterate toward Solutions
 Try Again. Fail Again. Fail Better.
Doubt

Question Answers

Challenge Assumptions

Work to Understand

Open to Changing Your Mind
 To be Uncertain is to be Uncomfortable,
 but to be Certain is to be Ridiculous.
Curiosity

Ask Questions & Engage

Lifelong Learning & How Stuff Works

Problem Solving & Cheating?

Story Telling & Model Making
 Curiosity was Framed, Ignorance killed the Cat.
World’s Best Playground

With an Electric Fence

Learning needs Challenges

Success needs Failures

Creativity needs Constraints

Extraordinary needs Boundaries
Less Talk, More Rock
Less Talk, More Rock
Less Talk, More Rock
Transformational Games

Games for Impact

Beyond Transference

Knowledge through Gameplay

Applicable Outside of Game

Changes in Daily Lives
Transformational Game Design



Goals

Challenges

Rewards
Transformational Game Design



Goals        Motivations

Challenges   Assessments

Rewards      Transformations
Hard Truth


Not Everyone is a Game Designer

Particularly Us (Academic Fallacy)

T-Shaped Expertise

Interdisciplinary Collaboration
Be Careful


Creepy Treehouse

Whiff of Educational

Kids can Tell & Stay Away

Bad Learning Games = Suckn
For Instance
For Instance
Difficulty by Design

They Know Fun, Ask More & Let Them Try

Provide Context

Shape Challenges

Show Connections

Mastery to Literacy
Good Learning, Good Games

Explicit Goals

Involved Engagement

Scaffolded Difficulty

Failure, Doubt, Curiosity

Accomplishment, Mastery, Literacy
Not about Fun

Can’t Gamify Learning

Motivate through Difficulty

Reward through Mastery

Learning Literacy

Exceed Expectations
Hard Fun

Pleasantly Frustrating, Engagingly Compelling

Difficulty & Mastery

Agency & Literacy

Transformational

Playing & Learning & Creating
 A Child’s Work is Play
Thanks!




Questions?

drdrew@cmu.edu
Thanks!




Questions?

drdrew@cmu.edu

waxebb.com/cookies

Más contenido relacionado

Destacado

Fun & Frustration = Learning & Games
Fun & Frustration = Learning & GamesFun & Frustration = Learning & Games
Fun & Frustration = Learning & Gamesdrew davidson
 
Post-Secret Game Design
Post-Secret Game DesignPost-Secret Game Design
Post-Secret Game Designdrew davidson
 
Society Learning Games
Society Learning GamesSociety Learning Games
Society Learning Gamesdrew davidson
 
A Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing Gorogoa
A Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing GorogoaA Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing Gorogoa
A Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing Gorogoadrew davidson
 
What is Well Played and Why?
What is Well Played and Why?What is Well Played and Why?
What is Well Played and Why?drew davidson
 
Well Played: What the What?
Well Played: What the What?Well Played: What the What?
Well Played: What the What?drew davidson
 
Transformational Experiences
Transformational ExperiencesTransformational Experiences
Transformational Experiencesdrew davidson
 
Failure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM Game
Failure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM GameFailure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM Game
Failure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM Gamedrew davidson
 

Destacado (20)

Fun & Frustration = Learning & Games
Fun & Frustration = Learning & GamesFun & Frustration = Learning & Games
Fun & Frustration = Learning & Games
 
Post-Secret Game Design
Post-Secret Game DesignPost-Secret Game Design
Post-Secret Game Design
 
Playful learning
Playful learningPlayful learning
Playful learning
 
Society Learning Games
Society Learning GamesSociety Learning Games
Society Learning Games
 
Making MakeShop
Making MakeShopMaking MakeShop
Making MakeShop
 
A Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing Gorogoa
A Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing GorogoaA Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing Gorogoa
A Sense of Wonder Through Planes of Reality: Playing Gorogoa
 
On the ETC Press
On the ETC PressOn the ETC Press
On the ETC Press
 
What is Well Played and Why?
What is Well Played and Why?What is Well Played and Why?
What is Well Played and Why?
 
Well Played: What the What?
Well Played: What the What?Well Played: What the What?
Well Played: What the What?
 
Snackable Gameplay
Snackable GameplaySnackable Gameplay
Snackable Gameplay
 
Transformational Experiences
Transformational ExperiencesTransformational Experiences
Transformational Experiences
 
Secrets and Snacks
Secrets and SnacksSecrets and Snacks
Secrets and Snacks
 
Creative Chaos
Creative ChaosCreative Chaos
Creative Chaos
 
Dust Diaries
Dust DiariesDust Diaries
Dust Diaries
 
Virtual Reading
Virtual ReadingVirtual Reading
Virtual Reading
 
Failure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM Game
Failure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM GameFailure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM Game
Failure, Fun and Learning: Making and Playing an Educational STEM Game
 
Field Overview
Field OverviewField Overview
Field Overview
 
Creative Chaos
Creative ChaosCreative Chaos
Creative Chaos
 
Making Magic
Making MagicMaking Magic
Making Magic
 
Producing
ProducingProducing
Producing
 

Similar a It's Hard

Games for Health 2014 design tutorial
Games for Health 2014 design tutorialGames for Health 2014 design tutorial
Games for Health 2014 design tutorialferrarajc
 
Points that matter: How to gamify your KET class
Points that matter: How to gamify your KET classPoints that matter: How to gamify your KET class
Points that matter: How to gamify your KET classLuisa Palacios
 
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge GuruPrimer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge GuruMarlo Gorelick
 
Games for Teaching and Learning
Games for Teaching and LearningGames for Teaching and Learning
Games for Teaching and LearningCaroline Lace
 
Gamification in the Blended Classroom
Gamification in the Blended ClassroomGamification in the Blended Classroom
Gamification in the Blended ClassroomClint Walters
 
Report Writing Skills for Teachers
Report Writing Skills for TeachersReport Writing Skills for Teachers
Report Writing Skills for TeachersTiffany Markman
 
Week 6 LIVE class, 2010
Week 6 LIVE class, 2010Week 6 LIVE class, 2010
Week 6 LIVE class, 2010carrie.heeter
 
Design the Experience
Design the ExperienceDesign the Experience
Design the ExperienceScott Meunier
 
Player study
Player studyPlayer study
Player studyJayyes
 
Navigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptx
Navigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptxNavigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptx
Navigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptxJeff Harry
 
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and ResultsA Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and ResultsSharon Boller
 
Let the Games Begin!
Let the Games Begin!Let the Games Begin!
Let the Games Begin!KatieYu
 
Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16
Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16
Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16Alex Spiers
 
Online Interactive Storytelling Games
Online Interactive Storytelling Games Online Interactive Storytelling Games
Online Interactive Storytelling Games Graham Stanley
 
Brainstorming by Creating a Game
Brainstorming by Creating a GameBrainstorming by Creating a Game
Brainstorming by Creating a GameChristopher Allen
 
Chasing Wonder and the Future of Engagement
Chasing Wonder and the Future of EngagementChasing Wonder and the Future of Engagement
Chasing Wonder and the Future of EngagementNicole Lazzaro
 

Similar a It's Hard (20)

Fun and Frustration = Learning and Games
Fun and Frustration = Learning and GamesFun and Frustration = Learning and Games
Fun and Frustration = Learning and Games
 
Games for Health 2014 design tutorial
Games for Health 2014 design tutorialGames for Health 2014 design tutorial
Games for Health 2014 design tutorial
 
Game elements and learning
Game elements and learningGame elements and learning
Game elements and learning
 
Points that matter: How to gamify your KET class
Points that matter: How to gamify your KET classPoints that matter: How to gamify your KET class
Points that matter: How to gamify your KET class
 
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge GuruPrimer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
Primer on Play: Case Study for Knowledge Guru
 
FFAC 2011 Slides
FFAC 2011 SlidesFFAC 2011 Slides
FFAC 2011 Slides
 
Games for Teaching and Learning
Games for Teaching and LearningGames for Teaching and Learning
Games for Teaching and Learning
 
Gamification in the Blended Classroom
Gamification in the Blended ClassroomGamification in the Blended Classroom
Gamification in the Blended Classroom
 
Report Writing Skills for Teachers
Report Writing Skills for TeachersReport Writing Skills for Teachers
Report Writing Skills for Teachers
 
Week 6 LIVE class, 2010
Week 6 LIVE class, 2010Week 6 LIVE class, 2010
Week 6 LIVE class, 2010
 
Eli game design jam 2013
Eli game design jam 2013Eli game design jam 2013
Eli game design jam 2013
 
Design the Experience
Design the ExperienceDesign the Experience
Design the Experience
 
Player study
Player studyPlayer study
Player study
 
Navigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptx
Navigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptxNavigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptx
Navigating Difficult Conversations Through Play - 2022.pptx
 
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and ResultsA Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and Results
 
Let the Games Begin!
Let the Games Begin!Let the Games Begin!
Let the Games Begin!
 
Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16
Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16
Freedom to play using games to enhance learning and teaching #LJMUTLC16
 
Online Interactive Storytelling Games
Online Interactive Storytelling Games Online Interactive Storytelling Games
Online Interactive Storytelling Games
 
Brainstorming by Creating a Game
Brainstorming by Creating a GameBrainstorming by Creating a Game
Brainstorming by Creating a Game
 
Chasing Wonder and the Future of Engagement
Chasing Wonder and the Future of EngagementChasing Wonder and the Future of Engagement
Chasing Wonder and the Future of Engagement
 

Más de drew davidson (16)

Telling Stories
Telling StoriesTelling Stories
Telling Stories
 
Physics is Still Your Friend
Physics is Still Your FriendPhysics is Still Your Friend
Physics is Still Your Friend
 
Creative Chaos
Creative ChaosCreative Chaos
Creative Chaos
 
Verby Nouns
Verby NounsVerby Nouns
Verby Nouns
 
Creative Chaos
Creative ChaosCreative Chaos
Creative Chaos
 
Creative Chaos
Creative ChaosCreative Chaos
Creative Chaos
 
Well Played
Well PlayedWell Played
Well Played
 
Critique
CritiqueCritique
Critique
 
Games for Impact
Games for ImpactGames for Impact
Games for Impact
 
Play Time?
Play Time?Play Time?
Play Time?
 
Public Speaking 101
Public Speaking 101Public Speaking 101
Public Speaking 101
 
Health & Hygiene
Health & HygieneHealth & Hygiene
Health & Hygiene
 
Augmented Reality
Augmented RealityAugmented Reality
Augmented Reality
 
The Best Playground
The Best PlaygroundThe Best Playground
The Best Playground
 
Learning & ARGs
Learning & ARGsLearning & ARGs
Learning & ARGs
 
Working Examples Demo
Working Examples DemoWorking Examples Demo
Working Examples Demo
 

Último

भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,Virag Sontakke
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTiammrhaywood
 
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice greatEarth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice greatYousafMalik24
 
Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdf
Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdfFraming an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdf
Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdfUjwalaBharambe
 
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginnersDATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginnersSabitha Banu
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Educationpboyjonauth
 
internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developer
internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developerinternship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developer
internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developerunnathinaik
 
Types of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptx
Types of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptxTypes of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptx
Types of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptxEyham Joco
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxSayali Powar
 
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxHow to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxmanuelaromero2013
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxVS Mahajan Coaching Centre
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsanshu789521
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxNirmalaLoungPoorunde1
 
Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...
Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...
Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...jaredbarbolino94
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxpboyjonauth
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized Group
MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized GroupMARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized Group
MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized GroupJonathanParaisoCruz
 

Último (20)

भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
भारत-रोम व्यापार.pptx, Indo-Roman Trade,
 
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPTECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
ECONOMIC CONTEXT - LONG FORM TV DRAMA - PPT
 
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice greatEarth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
Earth Day Presentation wow hello nice great
 
Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdf
Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdfFraming an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdf
Framing an Appropriate Research Question 6b9b26d93da94caf993c038d9efcdedb.pdf
 
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginnersDATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHM for beginners
 
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher EducationIntroduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
Introduction to ArtificiaI Intelligence in Higher Education
 
internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developer
internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developerinternship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developer
internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developer
 
Types of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptx
Types of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptxTypes of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptx
Types of Journalistic Writing Grade 8.pptx
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
 
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptxHow to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
How to Make a Pirate ship Primary Education.pptx
 
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdfTataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
TataKelola dan KamSiber Kecerdasan Buatan v022.pdf
 
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptxOrganic Name Reactions  for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
 
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri  Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
Model Call Girl in Bikash Puri Delhi reach out to us at 🔝9953056974🔝
 
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
“Oh GOSH! Reflecting on Hackteria's Collaborative Practices in a Global Do-It...
 
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha electionsPresiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
Presiding Officer Training module 2024 lok sabha elections
 
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptxEmployee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
Employee wellbeing at the workplace.pptx
 
Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...
Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...
Historical philosophical, theoretical, and legal foundations of special and i...
 
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptxIntroduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
Introduction to AI in Higher Education_draft.pptx
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized Group
MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized GroupMARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized Group
MARGINALIZATION (Different learners in Marginalized Group
 

It's Hard