Marma - vital points in ayurveda

Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS,
MS(Ay)PhD 1
Dr.Syyed Mohammed Jalaludeen
A STUDY ON MARMAS
vital points

2
Vital points
In the Ayurvedic literature, the word
MARMA is used to denote certain vital
structures of the human body which are
with structural and clinical significance.
MS(Ay)PhD

Definition
- Vital spot,
- vulnerable points,
- any secret of mystery, the care of anything
etc.
 Marma - king and warriors. battlefields to hit and
achieve maximum fatal effect against their
enemies. both in warfare and surgery.
 Word marma - meaning ‘ma’ means prana or
vayu, the repha indicates house or seat. Hence
the word marma means seat of vayu or prana.
MS(Ay)PhD 3

MS(Ay)PhD 4
The Marmas if injured, result in serious
complications or death,which may be
instant / latent. In the normal
physiological conditions,they play a vital
role in the maintenance of bodily
functions.

MS(Ay)PhD 5
Marmas
are the
seat of
Soma Kapha (liquid)
Maruta Vayu (Vata)
Tejas Fire (Pitta)
Rajas
Satva
Tamas
Bhootatma
Mind (Manas)
Panchabhootas

MS(Ay)PhD 6
Inference
Marmas are certain vital structures of the body.
They may result in death, serious functional impairment
or deformities upon injuries.
Structurally they are composed of all the components of
the human body in different propositions.
Injury to Marmas result in neurological disorders, as the
injury may predispose atrophy, paralysis etc.
Equilibrium of Tridoshas are deranged on injuries.
Injury also result in psychic imbalance.

CLASSIFICATION
1. Structural classification (nivesha bheda) – mamsa
marma, dhamanee marma etc.
2. Prognostic aspect According to traumatology /
(vyapath bheda) – Sadyapranahara etc.
3. Regional classification According to location / site
(anga bheda) – Udara marma etc.
4. Numerical classification According to metrics
(samkhya bheda) – eka samkhya etc.
5. Dimensional classification According to size (mana
bheda) – ex. Panithalonmana
MS(Ay)PhD 7

MS(Ay)PhD 8
Mamsa Marmas 10
Asthy Marmas 8
Snayu Marmas 23
Dhamani Marmas 9
Sira Marmas 37
Sandhy Marmas 20
107
Ashtanga
Hridaya
Structural Classification - II

MS(Ay)PhD 9
Sadya Pranahara Agneya
Kalantara Pranahara Agneya+Saumya
Visalyakhna Vayu
Vaikalyakara Saumya
Rujakara Agni+Vayu
Composition

MS(Ay)PhD 10
Pathogenesis.
Intensity of the trauma has an important
role in prognosis.
Even though Marmabhighatha is of
Agantuka in nature, in the later phases,they
result in imbalance of the the Tridoshas also.

MS(Ay)PhD 11
Clinical Significance.
Susrutha give much importance to the
dimensional aspect,since he belongs to the
surgical school.He advises to be very
cautious in surgical procedure to avoid
hurting even the periphery of Marmas, as
they may lead to grave consequences.

Injury -General symptoms
Appearance of pain
Irregular throbbing
Loss of sensation
Heaviness of body
Delusions
Sweating
Fainting
Vomiting
Dyspnoea
MS(Ay)PhD 12

Shaka marmas 44
1. Thalahrut
2. Kshipra
3. Kurcha
4. Kurchasiras
5. Manibanda
6. Indravasthi
7. Koorpara
8. Aani
9. Urvi
10. Lohita
11. Kakshadruk
MS(Ay)PhD 13
1. Thalahrut
2. Kshipra
3. Kurcha
4. Kurchasiras
5. Gulpha
6. Indravasthi
7. Janu
8. Aani
9. Urvi
10. Lohita
11. Vitapa
Lower limb * 2 Upper limb * 2

MS(Ay)PhD 14
1. Thalahrut
Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Sakha Mamsa Kalantara Ardhangula chatur

Carpal tunnel syndrome
MS(Ay)PhD 15

MS(Ay)PhD 16
2. Kshipra
Sakha Śnâyu Kalantara Ardhangula Chatur

MS(Ay)PhD 17
Metatarsalgia

Dr.Syyed Mohammed JAlaludeen BAMS, MS(Ay)PhD 18
3. Kurcha
Sakha Śnâyu Vaikalya Atmapani chatur

Kurcha
Tendonitis
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Tenosynovitis
Flat foot---- the ligaments and
tendons becomes weakened, the height
of medial longitudinal arch may fall
resulting flat foot.
Daw foot---- in this medial
longitudinal arch is abnormally elevate
Hallux rigidus
MS(Ay)PhD 19

MS(Ay)PhD 20
4. Kurchasiras
Sakha Śnâyu Rujakara Ekangula Chatur

MS(Ay)PhD 21
5.Gulpha
Sakha Sandhi Rujakara Dwirangula Dvi

6. Indravasthi
MS(Ay)PhD 22
Sakha Mamsa Kalantara ardhangula chatur

MS(Ay)PhD 23
7. JANUMARMA
Maŕma Anga Nivesha Vyapat Mana Sankhya
Janu Sakha Sandhi Vaikalya thrayngu Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 24
Ani Sakha Śnâyu Vaikalya ardhangula chatur

MS(Ay)PhD 25
9. Urvi
Urvi Sakha Sira Vaikalya ekangula chatur

MS(Ay)PhD 26
10. Lohita
Lohita Sakha Sira Vaikalya ardhangula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 27
11. Vitapa
Vitapa Sakha Sira Vaikalya ekangula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 28
12. Manibanda Marma
Manibanda Sakha Sandhi Rujakara dwirangula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 29
13. KOORPARA MARMA
Kurpara Sakha Sandhi Vaikalya thrayngu Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 30
Kakshatruk Sakha Sira Vaikalya ekangula Dvi
14. Kakshadhara

MS(Ay)PhD 31
Koshta Dhamani Sadhya Atmapani Eka
15.

MS(Ay)PhD 32
16.Vasthi marmas
 Situated in the pelvis corresponding
to bladder
 Urinary bladder
 Vesical plexus – hypogastric plexus
Koshta Śnâyu Sadhya Atmapani eka

MS(Ay)PhD 33
17.Nabhi marmas
 Situated in between the pakwasaya
(intestine)and the amasaya (stomach)
 This is said to be the origin of all the
vessels in the body
 Inf & sup mesenteric N plexus
 Inf Epigastric A & V
 Bifurcation of abdominal aorta
 Bifurcation of inf Venacava
Koshta Sira Sadhya Atmapani eka

MS(Ay)PhD 34
18.Hrudaya marmas
 Situated between two breast and stomach
and abdomen, near to cardiac end of
stomach
 It is adisthana of satwa, raja and tama
 Root of Pranavaha & rasavaha srothas
 Seats of sadaka pitha, vyana vayu, and
avalambaka kapha.
 Injury to this marma cause cough,
dyspnoea, loss of strength, dryness of
throat, mouth, palate, epilepsy, insanity,
delerium, loss of consciousness.
Uras Sira Sadhya Atmapani Eka

MS(Ay)PhD 35
19.Sthanamoola
marmas
 Situated two angula below t
he breast on both sides.
 Injury endangers life by filling the
koshtam with kapha and causes cough
and dyspnoea.
 Base of the lungs
 Left side of the pericardium, Apex of the
heart
Uras Sira Kalan-tara Dwir-angula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 36
20.SthanaRohita marmas
 Two angula above the nipples on both
sides.
 Injury leads to haemorrhage and
endangers life causing cough and
dyspnoea.
 Intercostal muscle, Phrenic N, Vagal N,
Descending aorta, Bronchus, Pulmanory
artery, P vein, P plexus,
 Pectoralis major muscle.
Uras Mamsa
Kalan-
tara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 37
21.Apasthamba marmas
 Situated on both sides of chest
 It is vata vaha srothas
 Injury patient dies due to complication of
raktha / vatha poorna koshtatha.
 point of bifurcated branches of bronchi.
 Bronchi, Phrenic nerve, Vagus nerve,
common carotid artery, subclavian vein,
Uras Dhamani
Kalan-
tara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 38
22. Apalabha marmas
 Situated below shoulder joint and above
the lateral aspects of chest.
 Accd vagbata between vertebral column
and chest.
 Injury patient dies due to complication of
raktha poorna koshta into pooya
koshtatha.
 Axillary Artery and Vein, Brachial Plexus
 Left thoracic artery & nerve
 Intercosto brachial nerve, intercostal artery.
Uras Sira Kalan-tara Ardhan-gula Dvi

 Combination of two word kati “ which is
clothed” tharuna “ soft cartilage’
 Situated both sides of the vertibral coloumn
corresponding to the posterior aspect of
the ilium.
 Injury give rise to excess pain,
hemorrhage, consequent pallor, death.
 Posterior aspects of ilium
 Bifurcation of the common iliac artery and
vein, sacroiliac ligaments/ articulations.
MS(Ay)PhD 39
23.Kateekatharuna
Prishta Asthi Kalantara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

 Small depression/dimple near the
buttock
 Situated on both sides of the vertebral
coloumn corresponding to sacroiliac
articulation ant to which the sciatic nerve
passes.
 Complete loss of sensation and inability
to use the lower limb
 Complete paraplegia
MS(Ay)PhD 40
Prishta Sandhi Vaikalya Ardhan-gula Dvi
24.Kukunthara

25.Nithamba
 Situated above the pelvic girdle
(sronikanda). Half distance between
sacral bone and the greater trochanter
of the femur.
 Injury leads to atrophy of the lower limb
and endangers life in course of time.
 Glutius maximus, sciatic nerve, sup & inf
gluteal N and blood vessels.
MS(Ay)PhD 41
Prishta Asthi Kalantara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

26.Parswasandhi
MS(Ay)PhD 42
 Situated between costal cartilage and the
pelvis, corresponding to the vessels of
kidney seen medially upwards.
 Injury causes collection of blood in the
abdominal cavity and causes danger of life.
 The space just beneath 12th rib on both
sides.
 Renal artery, renal vein, renal angle, ilio
hypogastric N, subcostal N, Ilio inguinal N,
kidney, liver(R), spleen(L)
 Swadishtana chakra of yoga.
Prishta Sira Kalantara Ardhan-gula Dvi

27.Bruhati
MS(Ay)PhD 43
 Situated post side corresponding to the base
of breast lateral to the vertebral coloumn on
both side.
 Injury – continuous bleeding and endangers
life in course of time due to complication.
 Arterial branches of the kidney, hilum of the
liver, hilum of spleen, lung posterior surface,
descending aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
etc.
 Hepatic artery and splenic artery(left).
Prishta Sira Kalantara
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

28.Amsaphalaka
MS(Ay)PhD 44
 - flat surface near the shoulder- situated
on both sides of vertebral coloumn and on
the upper most part of the neck.
 Injury lead to numbness or atrophy of
upper limbs due to injury of the nerves on
the anterior surface of the scapula.
 Scapula, supra scapular N, vein, supra
spinatus, infra spinatus
 Brachial palsy/ axillary nerve palsy.
Prishta Asthi Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

29.Amsa
MS(Ay)PhD 45
 Amsa-starting from shoulder- situated
on either side midway between the neck
and the head of the arms and connects
the shoulder(amsapeeta and skandha)
 Injury – lead to incapacity of moving the
hands.
 Conoid ligament, trapezoid ligament,
sup acromioclavicular ligament, brachial
plexus etc
Prishta Śnâyu Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

MS(Ay)PhD 46

30. Neela - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 47
 Blue colour- four siras on either sides
of kanta nadi corresponding to
tempero mandibular joint(hanusandi).
 Injury – causes absence of voice,
alteration of sound, loss of sense of
taste.
 Glossopharyngeal branch of carotid
artery. Jugular Vein, Hypoglossal and
Glossopharyngeal Nerve.
Jathro-
ordha Sira Vaikalya Atmapani Dvi

31. Manya - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 48
 “Man- jnane”- four siras on either sides of
kanta nadi corresponding to tempero
mandibular joint(hanusandi). Twi is manya
 Injury – causes absence of voice,
alteration of sound, loss of sense of taste.
 Glossopharyngeal branch of carotid
artery. Jugular Vein, Hypoglossal and
Glossopharyngeal Nerve.
Jathro
ordha Sira Vaikalya Atmapani Dvi

32.Mathruka - 8
MS(Ay)PhD 49
 Matruka-Necklace- on either side pf the neck
four siras, matruka. Running superiorly to the
tounque and nose.
 Injury leads to severe haemorrhage – syncope-
death.
 Four jugular vein – ant transverse facial,
superficial, temporal, and post jugular veins.
 Common carotid artery, int and external jugular
vein, subclavian vein and artery, vagus N and
phrenic N.
Jathro
ordha Sira Sadhya Atmapani ashta

33.Krukatika – 2
MS(Ay)PhD 50
 krik=kandha-neck, ad= gathau “area where
the neck joins head
 Situated at the junction of the head and
upper part of neck.
 Injury cause lose of balance of head in
erect posture.
 Atlanto-occipital joint.
 Vertebral artery, atlanto-occipital
membrane and ligaments.
Jathro
ordha Sandhi Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

34.Vidhura – 2
MS(Ay)PhD 51
 Dhura=weight, vigatha dhura=chesta
nashta “imbalnce of the body.
 Situated behind the Pinna of the ear.
 Injury leads to total Deafness.
 Tympanic memberane, Middle ear,
Posterior Auricular artery & Veins,
Branches of V th cranial N(trigeminal N)
Mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum
Jathro
ordha dhamani Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

35.Phana - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 52
 Phan= expanded hood of the cobra
 Situated interior to the nasal cavities
(inside the throat)
 Injury leads to loss of sense of smell.
 Bipolar olfactory neurons, olfactory
nerve, Cribriform plate of ethmoid, Great
auricular N
Jathro
ordha Sira Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

36.Apanga - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 53
 Agi dhatu – ap outer corner or angle of
eye.
 Situated near the external canthus of eye
and below the lateral and of eyebrows.
 Injury leads to blindness/ impaired vision
 Zygomotic & temporal Vessels and
Nerves, cranial N(ophthalmic division), VI
th cranial N, trochlear and occulomotor N.
Jathro
ordha Śnâyu Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

37.Aavartha - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 54
 Aan=vrith=ghan ‘whirlpool’, located one on
the surface of the frontal lobe and above
the super ciliary arch on both side. Injury
results impaired vision or blindness.
 Tympanic membrane, Acoustic Nerve.
Articulation of the sphenoid bone with the
orbital plate of the frontal lobe. Optic chiasma
etc
Jathro
ordha Sandhi Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Dvi

38.Shanga - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 55
 Sham=mangalam “ to protect the
treasure.
 Situated between the ear and the
eyebrows just above the termination of
the super ciliary arch.
 Injury to this marma endangers life.
 Temporal bone of the skull, temporal lobe
the brain, basal ganglia, superficial
temporal artery , middle meningeal artery.
Jathroo-
rdha Asthi Sadhya ardhangula Dvi

39.Utkshepa - 2
MS(Ay)PhD 56
 Kship dhatu = urdhvam ksipathi “ lifts up”.
 Situated above the sankha and near the hairy
margin on the scalp on both sides of head.
 Injury by a foreign body keeps the person alive
as long as it is kept within the wound or it falls
down on its own accord, if it drawn out
immediately after injury, the person dies at
once due to bleeding.
 Temporal fascia, parietal branch of superficial
temporal artery, Zygomatic temporal Nerve,
Temporalis Muscle.
Jathro-
ordha Śnâyu Visalygna
Ardha-
ngula Dvi

40.Sthapani - 1
MS(Ay)PhD 57
 Sthap= regulates.
 In between the two superciliary arches
underneath the bony vault
 Injury by a foreign body keeps the person alive
as long as it is kept within the wound or it falls
down on its own accord, if it drawn out
immediately after injury, the person dies at
once due to bleeding.
 Emissary vein, Super sagittal sinus, brain
underneath the frontal bone. Frontal veins
Jathro-
ordha Sira Vaikalya
Ardhan-
gula Eka

41.Srungataka - 4
MS(Ay)PhD 58
 Sring+ada+gatau “ summit of
mountain’
 In the middle of siras that irrigate the
nose , ear, eye and tounque, there is
a cross way or sringhatakas.
 Injury leads to death.
 Brocas centre, Visio-sensory centre,
centre of hearing, centre of taste and
amell and soft palate.
Jathro
ordha Dhamani Sadhya Atmapani chatur

42.Seemantha - 5
MS(Ay)PhD 59
• Seemantha-kesa-vesha “where the
ladies divide the hair for tying.
• Situated on the scalp correspond to the
five important sutures of the skull
• Injury leads to insanity, fear, intellectual
disturbances.
• Sagittal suture, parital suture, occipital
suture, frontal suture.
Jathro
ordha Sandhi Kalantara Atmapani pancha

43.Adipa pathi - 1
 Adhi+pa –urdhvam top, pa means
rakshati ‘safeguard’
 Within the wault of the head above
there is joints of siras is like the
whorls of the hair.
 Injury leads to immediate death.
 Medulla Oblangata, cardiac centre,
respiratory , vasomotor centre, nuclei
of ten cranial nerves.
MS(Ay)PhD 60
Jathro-
ordha Sandhi Sadhya
Ardhan-
gula Eka

MS(Ay)PhD 61
HOW MARMA THEORY WORKS
Due to pressure over these points, certain chemical
substances and neurotransmitters are released like
endorphins and enkephalin which sends nerve
impulse to brain causing the desired effect.
Neuro Endocrine Theory

MS(Ay)PhD 62
The gate control theory of pain
Nerve fibers are large bundles of various size- some
are thick and some are thin. Thin transmit the
sensation of pain while the thick carry the tactile
sensation. Thus if the thick impulse is increased this
selectively blocks the conduction of thin fibers.
This is called the gate control theory.

MS(Ay)PhD 63
Other Theories.
The very small electrical changes that occur at
the marma points is found to be capable of
producing effects far in excess of the tiny
electrical change at the point responsible for
triggering the desired effect.

MS(Ay)PhD 64
Conclusion...
The vital points which are called Marmas
assume significance structurally, medically
and surgically. Susrutha highlights the
structural and surgical relevance, whereas
Charaka gives importance to the medical
aspect of these structures. Vagbhata,
though ready to accept the surgical
prominance, has highlighted the medical
aspect.

65
Dr.Syyed Mohammed Jalaludeen BAMS, MS(Ay),
PhD
Associate Professor,
Dept of Salyatantra,
Rajiv Gandhi Ayurveda Medical College,
Chalakkara, Mahe India
smjppt@gmail.com
www.researchayurveda.org

Marma - vital points in ayurveda

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