8. Compound
FAT
Fat
+
P /Carbo
/ Protein
Fat + Phosphorus
=Phospholipid
Fat + Carbohydrate
=Glycolipid
Fat + Protein
= Lipoproteins
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9. Derived Lipid
Derived Lipid Produced from Fat & its Substances
Glycerol + Fatty Acids
Glycerol :
It makeup about 10% of Fat
It is water soluble base Triglycerides
During digestion Glycerol is removed & Available for Glucose
formation
Fatty Acids :
It is refined Fuel of Fat- Cell burns for Energy
They may be Saturated or Unsaturated
E.g. Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid,
Palmitic acid, Myristic acid, Steric acid.
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10. Miscellaneous Fat
Steroid :
The are fat related Substances containing
Sterols
E.g. Cholesterol
Terpenoids :
Terpenoids referred as Isoprenoids
Naturally occurring large organic chemicals
Carotenoids:
Yellow to Red Pigment
E.g. Carotenes , Xanthopylls.
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13. Trans Fat :
o Fat formed when oils are partially
hydrogenated
o Increase risk of Heart Disease
Triglycerides:
o They are ester of Glycerol with Fatty acid
o It is main form of Fat in food
o 80-90% of body lipid are Triglyceride
o They help to maintain body Temperature
o Excess calorie convert in to Triglyceride
Visible & Invisible Fats:
Visible: Ghee, Oils, Margarine
Invisible: Baked food, Ice-cream , Nuts
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14. Cholesterol :
o One of the Sterols
o Its found different concentration in
animal tissues & Blood
o It is synthesize in body by the Liver
o Body normally synthesized 2
gm/Day
o Normal level in Blood = 150- 250
mg/dl
o Cholesterol is precursor of the bile
salt
o It is restricted in Atherosclerosis.
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15. Recommended Dietary Allowance
(RDA)
Group Fat
(g/day)
Adult Man 20
Adult Women 20
Pregnant women 30
Lactating 45
Children (1-9 Year) 25
Children (10-18 Year) 22
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16. Functions of FAT
Body Fuel
Constituent of cell
Membrane
Digestion, Absorption &
Utilization of
Vit.A,D,E,K
Cellular Metabolic
regulator
Protect internal organs
As a compound of
mitochondrial
membranes
Effect of Stomach
Fullness
Proteins sparing effect
Energy storage in
Adipose tissue
As a Insulator
Fatty acids –
Maintenance of
Membrane
Regulation of cholesterol
Delaying Blood clotting
time.
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19. STORAGE OF FAT
Lipid Storage:
Liver
Adipose
Muscle
Tissue
Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
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20. STORAGE OF FAT
Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Chylomicrons , VLDL, LDL → Transport Lipids from
Intestine to → Liver→ Tissue
LDL Bad Cholesterol
HDL Good Cholesterol
Apart from lipoproteins, Triglycerides, Cholesterol &
Phospholipids are also synthesised in liver .
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21. Deficiency of Fat in Diet
Cause deficiency of essential fatty acids →
Lead to cessation of growth
Cause Flaky skin
Development of itchy sores on scalp
Phynoderma or toad skin
Excess Fat in Diet :
Obesity
Slow down digestion & absorption of Food
Interferes in absorption of Calcium
Cause ketosis.
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