The document outlines the key components of an effective hospital infection control program, including establishing an infection control team, committee, and manual. It emphasizes the importance of surveillance to monitor infection rates, preventive activities like standard precautions, and staff training. Standard precautions include proper hand hygiene, use of barriers like gloves and gowns, safe handling of sharps and contaminated materials, and maintaining a clean patient environment. The goal of the program is to reduce infection risk and increase safety.

1. HOSPITAL INFECTION
CONTROL PROGRAMME
NURSING PATH
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2. INFECTION CONTROL PROGRAM
A comprehensive, effective and
supported program is essential for
reducing infection risk and
increasing hospital safety.
It should include surveillance,
preventive activities and staff
training.
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3. I. National program developed by
Ministry of Health: to support hospital
programs. It sets national objectives,
develops and updates guidelines recommended
for health care.
II. Hospital programs including:
1) major preventive efforts; keeping in mind
patients and staff.
2) It must be supported by senior management and
provided with sufficient resources.
3) It must develop a yearly work plan to assess and
promote all good health care activities.
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4. InfectionConrtolTeam Infectioncontrolcommittee Infectioncontrolmanual
HospitalProgram
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5. (1) INFECTION CONTROL TEAM
The optimal structure varies with hospitals
types, needs and resources.
Hospital can appoint
 epidemiologist or infectious disease
specialist
microbiologist to work as infection control
physician.
Infection control nurse who is interested and
has experience in infection control issues.
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6. Team should have authority to manage an
effective control program.
Team should have a direct reporting with
senior administration.
Infection control team members or are
responsible for day-to-day functions of IC
and preparing the yearly work plan.
They should be expert and creative in
their job.
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7. (2) INFECTION CONTROL COMMITTEE
 It is a multidisciplinary committee responsible for
monitoring program policies implementation and
recommend corrective actions.
 It includes representatives from different concerned
hospital departments & management. They meet
bimonthly.
 It establishes standards for patient care, it reviews
and assesses IC reports and identifies areas of
intervention.
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8. (3) INFECTION CONTROL MANUAL
Every Hospital should have a nosocomial
infection prevention manual compiling
recommended instructions and practices
for patient care.
This manual should be developed and
updated in a timely manner by the
infection control team.
It is to be reviewed and accepted by
infection control committee.
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9. Surveillance PreventiveActivities StaffTraining
ProgramComponents
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10. NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
SURVEILLANCE
Nosocomial infection rate in a hospital is
an indicator of quality and safety of care.
Surveillance to monitor this rate is
essential to identify problems and
evaluate control activities
The ultimate aim is the reduction of
infection rate and their costs.
The term surveillance implies that
observational data are regularly
analyzed.
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11. KEY POINTS IN SURVEILLANCE
Active surveillance (Prevalence and
incidence studies)
Targeted surveillance (site, unit,
priority-oriented)
Appropriately trained investigators
Standardized methodology
Risk- adjusted rates for comparisons
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12. ORGANIZATION FOR SURVEILLANCE
Wardactivity
devicesorprocedures
fever&inf.signs
antibiotics&charts
Laboratoryreports
culture&sensitivity
resistancepatterns
serologictests
Dataelements&analysis
patientdata&infection
population&risks
computerizationofdata
Datacollectionandanalysis
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13. ORGANIZATION FOR SURVEILLANCE
prompt,releventtotargetgroup Meetings&disscussions Dissemenationbycommittee
Feedback&dissemenation
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14. SCOPE OF INFECTION CONTROL
Aiming at preventing spread of infection:
Standard precautions: these measures must be
applied during every patient care, during
exposure to any potentially infected material or
body fluids as blood and others.
Components:
A. Hand washing.
B. Barrier precautions.
C. Sharp disposal.
D. Handling of contaminated material.
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15. A. HAND WASHING
Hand washing is the single most
effective precaution for prevention of
infection transmission between
patients and staff.
Hand washing with plain soap is
mechanical removal of soil and
transient bacteria (for 10- 15 sec.)
Hand antisepsis is removal & destroy
of transient flora using anti-microbial
soap or alcohol based hand rub (for 60
sec.)
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16. Surgical hand scrub: removal or
destruction of transient flora and reduction
of resident flora using anti-microbial soap or
alcohol based detergent with effective
rubbing (for least 2-3 min)
Our hands and fingers are our best
friends but still could be our enemies if they
carry infective organisms and transmit them
to our bodies and to those whom we care
for.
Sinks & soap must be found in every
patient care room. Doctors, nurses must
comply to hand washing policy.
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17. WHEN TO WASH OUR HANDS
1. Before & after an aseptic technique or
invasive procedure.
2. Before & after contact with a patient or
caring of a wound or IV line.
3. After contact with body fluids & excreta
removal.
4. After handling of contaminated
equipment or laundry.
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18. 5. Before the administration of medicines
6. After cleaning of spillage.
7. After using the toilet.
8. Before having meals.
9. At the beginning and end of duty.
10. Gloves cannot substitute hand washing
which must be done before putting on
gloves and after their removal.
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19. HOW TO WASH OUR HANDS
Jewelry must be removed. If unable to
remove rings, wash and dry thoroughly
around them.
Wet your hands with running warm
water, dispense about 5 ml of liquid soap
or disinfectant into the palm of the hand.
Rub hands together vigorously to lather
all surfaces and wrist paying particular
attention to thumbs, finger tips and
webs.
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20. Rinse hands thoroughly.
Turn off water using elbow-on elbow taps,
dry hands thoroughly on a paper towel OR
where elbow taps are not present, first dry
hands, thoroughly, then turns off the taps
using fresh paper towel.
Hand cream can be used on persona basis.
If a staff member develops a skin problem,
he or she must consult dermatologist.
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22. B. BARRIER PRECAUTIONS
1. Gloves:
Disposable gloves must be worn when:
a) Direct contact with B/BF is expected.
b) Examining a lacerated or non-intact
skin e.g wound dressing.
c) Examination of oropharynx, GIT, UIT
and dental procedures.
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23. d) Working directly with contaminated
instruments or equipment.
e) HCW has skin cuts, lesions and dermatitis
 Sterile gloves are used for invasive
procedures.
 GLOVES MUST BE of good quality, suitable
size and material. Never reused.
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24. 2) Masks & Protective eye wear:
 MUST BE USED WHEN: engaged in
procedures likely to generate droplets of
B/BF or bone chips.
 During surgical operations to protect
wound from staff breathings, …
 Masks must be of good quality, properly
fixed on mouth and nasal openings.
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25. 3) Gowns/ Aprons:
Are required when:
Spraying or spattering of blood or body
fluids is anticipated e.g surgical
procedures.
Gowns must not permit blood or body
fluids to pass through.
Sterile linen or disposable ones are used
for sterile procedures.
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26. C. SHARP PRECAUTIONS
 Needle stick and sharp injuries carry the risk of blood
born infection e.g AIDS, HCV,HBV and others.
 Sharp injuries must be reported and notified
 NEVER TO RECAP NEEDLES
 Dispose of used needles and small sharps immediately
in puncture resistant boxes (sharp boxes).
 Sharp boxes: must be easily accessible, must not be
overfilled, labeled or color coded.
 Needle incinerators can be another safe way of
disposal.
 Reusable sharps must be handled with care avoiding
direct handling during processing.
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27. D. HANDLING OF CONTAMINATED
MATERIAL
1. Cleaning of B/BF spills:
a- wear gloves.
b- wipe-up the spill with paper or towel.
c- apply disinfectant.
2. Cleaning & decontamination of equipment:
protective barriers must be worn.
3. Handling & processing lab specimens:
must be in strong plastic bags with biohazard
label
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28. 4. Handling and processing linen:
Soiled linen must be handled with barrier
precautions, sent to laundry in coded
bags.
5. Handling and processing infectious
waste:
a. must be placed in color coded, leakage
proof bags, collected with barrier
precautions
b. contaminated waste incinerated or
better autoclaved prior to disposal in a
landfill.
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29. Environmental control:
1. Including physical facility plans must meet
quality and infection control measures. Patient
equipment positioning and installation, traffic flow.
2. Cleaning of hospital environment and dis-
infection according to policies.
3. Proper air ventilation.
4. Water pipes examination, check its quality.
5. Proper waste collection and disposal.
6. Cleaning and dis-infection of equipment.
7. Proper linen collection, cleaning, distribution
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30. 8. Food : ensure quality and
safety.
9. Sterilization: Central
sterilization department
serving all hospital
departments compiling with
infection control precautions.
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31. .
Patient protection :
* corrective measures before major procedure,
vaccination, proper use of antibiotics.
* Isolation precautions.
* Limiting endogenous risk
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32. Staff health promotion and education:
1. HCW are at risk of acquiring infection, they can
also transmit infection to patients and
other employee.
2. Employee health history must be reviewed,
immunizations recommendations to be
considered.
3. Release from work if sick, occupation injury
must be notified.
4. Continuous education to improve practice,
better performance of new techniques.
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33. INFECTION CONTROL RESPONSIBILITY
 Role of every hospital department and
service units must be identified,
documented as manuals kept in accessible
place.
 Job description of every hospital staff;
defining details of his duties must be
discussed before employment. Infection
control precautions should be part of the
routine work and stressed for that.
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34. THANK YOU
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