The Learner is introduced to the following terms in this unit.
Hazard * Vulnerability *Risk * Disasters *Disaster management
* Early Warning System * Preparedness * Response * Relief
* Recovery * Mitigation & DRR * Coping & Resilience
5. ➢ USD 165 billion Economic stress : 2018
➢ 2.3% increase in global energy demand:
2018.
➢ 83% wild mammals species lost; huge
biodiversity loss: Anthropocene
➢ 95% of GDP debt for G20 countries in 2024
➢ 33 years widest gap in life expectancy
between countries
➢ More than 50% people are Urban
➢ More than 50% of the world’s population
is now online
➢ Roughly one million more people join the
internet each day.
➢ Two-thirds of humanity own a mobile
device.
➢ Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) are
bringing tremendous economic and
societal benefits to the global population.
GLOBAL OVERVIEW
7. RISK PROFILE
Almost 58.6 per cent of the
landmass is prone to earthquakes
of moderate to very high
intensity; 12 per cent of land ie
over 40 million hectares are
prone to floods and river erosion;
of the 7,516 km long coastline,
close to 5,700 km is prone to
cyclones and tsunamis; 68 per
cent of the cultivable area is
vulnerable to drought and hilly
areas are at risk from landslides
and avalanches.
India is Biocapacity debtor.
What is biocapacity?
8. Kerala Disaster Profile
➢ 14.8% of the state is prone to flooding.
➢ 1500 km2 area in the Western Ghats is prone
to landslides.
➢ 300km of 570 km long coast line of Kerala is
prone to erosion, monsoon storm surges and
sea level rise.
➢ 70 people die every year due to lightning.
➢ During the period 1871-2000 Kerala state
experienced drought years out of which 12
each were moderate droughts.
➢ Kerala is also prone to several anthropogenic
disasters such as road accidents, rail
accidents, boat capsizing, industrial
accidents, epidemics, pest infestation,
stampedes, building collapses and fire
accidents. As many of the dams in the state
have exceeded their design life, they are
potentially disastrous to people living in the
downstream.
10. UNISDRR defines Disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.
DEFINE
11. In 2020, the estimated economic loss of natural disasters worldwide was 75
billion U.S. dollars (73, 2019), while the estimated insured loss amounted to 30
billion U.S. dollars (20, 2019), according to Aon plc.
LOSSES: 75bUSD,2019
12. Events may be considered as tip of an iceberg with serious underlying
causative factors, structures and patterns.
UNDERSTANDING DISASTERS IS IMPORTANT TO DISASTER RISK EDUCTION
13. Disasters are broadly classified into Natural and Anthropogenic in
nature. Natural disasters are grouped as Geophysical, Hydrological,
Meteorological, Climatological, Biological etc. Human triggered
disasters are Anthropological in nature.
Quiz 2: Identify a biological disaster.
14. It is reported that at least 207 natural disasters hit globally in the first six months of 2020 other than the
pandemic Covid. This number is above the 21st century average (2000-2019) which was 185 natural
disasters. The number of natural events exceeded average in all regions of the world. There was an
increase of at least 27 per cent in natural disasters recorded during the same time in 2019.
15. These disasters cost the world $75 billion during the first half of
2020, according to the Global Catastrophe Recap: First Half of
2020, released on July 23, 2020. This is close to the average loss
of $78 billion during 1980-2019. At least $71 billion, over 95 per
cent of the loss, was due to the weather-related disasters.
16. Countries with the highest risk are those on the Pacific Ring of Fire ( 40,000nsq km earthquake/volcanic prone area in
Pacific) (ex: Japan & Indonesia) and on the Alpide Belt (seismically active 15,000km alpine – Himalayan belt) (ex: India,
China, & Iran)
Quiz 3: DR Losses are same across the world:
True/False.
17.
18. Natural disasters claimed roughly 2,200 lives during the first half of
2020. Floods accounted for nearly 60 per cent of the total toll during this
time. The intensity of tropical cyclones is projected to increase by 1-10
per cent for a 2 degree Celsius rise in average global temperature above
pre-industrialisation era, warned IPCC.
Quiz:4: What is IPCC?
19. UNISDRR is a body under the aggies of UN to assess disaster losses globally and to
evolve appropriate strategies for DRR and minimise loss of life , properties or damage
to ecosystems.
20. United Nations Strategy for DRR - UNSDRR – has been publishing Global Assessment Reports
– GAR- on Disaster Risk Reduction since 2009. This a series of analytical publications focused
on disaster risk trends, progress and challenges. GAR serves as a research, advocacy and
policy engagement tool for evolving appropriate program and policies for safer world.
21. The adoption of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 -
2030 (Sendai Framework) at the third United Nations World Conference on
Disaster Reduction (WCDR) - and its subsequent endorsement by the
General Assembly of the United Nations (Resolution A/RES/69/283) in June
2015 - marked the culmination of a process formally begun in the 1970s.
Quiz 5: Hyogo Framework preceded SFDRR. True/False
22. Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and management
of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of
emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to
lessen the impact of disasters
25. 1. Hazard : A dangerous natural phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition that may critically cause loss of life, injury or
other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and
essential life support systems , social and economic disruption,
ecosystem services or long lasting environmental damage.
Examples are Tsunami, Cyclone, High wind, Storm surge, Sea
Erosion, Floods, Heat waves, Droughts, Epidemic, Chemical –
Nuclear, War etc.: Broad types: Natural & Human Induced
TERMINIOLOGIES
Corona Virus is a
biological hazard
26. Hazard Assessment/Analysis is the process of identifying hazards that
may arise from a system or its environment, documenting its harmful
consequences and analyzing its triggering factors.
27. c. Hazardous Substances are Chemical or
Radioactive materials that may cause
immediate physical or chemical effects such as
fire, explosion, corrosion or long lasting
radioactive poisoning affecting people,
property and the environment .
c.1. The HAZCHEM code (also
called Emergency Action Code) is
vital information for emergency
services to combat any
emergency involving hazardous
substance.
c.2 . Emergency information panels (EIP) are
used to identify hazardous substances. These
signs includes the name of substance,
dangerous goods diamond symbol, UN
number and Hazchem reference for further
understanding.
QUIZ 7: What is TREM Card?
CHEMICAL
HAZARDS
28. c.3. TREMCARD or Transport
Emergency Card is a document that is
mandatory while transporting
dangerous goods. A TREMCARD
contains important safety information
about the HAZCHEM transported. The
driver of the vehicle or rescue
personnel can refer to the Tremcard in
any emergency for responses.
A TREMCARD should be an A4 sized
document with thick red borders in
order to identify it quickly in an
emergency. It has to be located in the
cab of the vehicle when the vehicle is
carrying any dangerous load.
29.
30. Vulnerability: “The characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard. [UNISDR]
Quiz 8: What is HVRA?
34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kRhAUMtrak
An Early Warning System (EWS) can be defined as a set of capacities needed to. generate and
disseminate timely and meaningful warning information of the. possible extreme events or disasters (e.g.
floods, drought, fire, earthquake and. tsunamis) that threatens people's lives. Early warning systems help to
reduce economic losses and mitigate the number of injuries or deaths from a disaster, by providing
information that allows individuals and communities to protect their lives and property. Early
warning information empowers people to take action prior to a disaster. The early warning process, as
previously described, is composed of 4 main stages: risk assessment, monitoring and predicting,
disseminating and communicating warnings, and response.
35. Disaster response consists of a number of elements, such as:
✓ ;Early warning/evacuation,
✓ search and rescue,
✓ providing immediate assistance,
✓ assessing damage,
✓ continuing assistance and
✓ the immediate restoration or construction of infrastructure
The aim of emergency response is to provide immediate assistance to maintain life, improve health
and support the morale of the affected population. Such assistance may range from providing
specific but limited aid, such as assisting refugees with transport, temporary shelter, and food, to
establishing semi-permanent settlement in camps and other locations. It also may involve initial
repairs to damaged or diversion to infrastructure.
The focus in the response phase is on putting people safe, prevent next disasters and meeting the
basic needs of the people until more permanent and sustainable solutions can be found.
1. SHORT TERM: RESCUE & RELIEF
2. LONG TERM: REHABILITATION & BUILDBACK STRONGER
36. Disaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or
reduce the impacts and risks of hazards through proactive
measures taken before an emergency or disaster occurs.
MITIGATION
37. Disaster resilience is the ability of individuals, communities, organisations
and states to adapt to and recover from hazards, shocks or stresses
without compromising long-term prospects for development.
RESILIENCE
Quiz 9: What is expansion of NDMA?
38.
39. LINKS TO MY ONLINE COURSES
• Environment Management:
https://www.udemy.com/course/environment-management-
perspectives-and-
policies/?referralCode=9C55843E5472200C7AC1
• Disaster management:
https://www.udemy.com/course/disaster-management-basic-
concepts/?referralCode=4EAAC37CF45E66E61832
• https://www.braincert.com/course/26140-Disaster-
Management-Community-of-Practice#
![Disaster Management:
Basic concepts, Global /National/ Institutional Framework:
Dr. Keshav Mohan
Academic Chairman, SNIT ADOOR
[Former: Member, KSDMA & Director, ILDM, Govt of Kerala]
Learning Objectives:
The Learner is introduced to the following terms in this unit.
Hazard * Vulnerability *Risk * Disasters *Disaster
management
* Early Warning System * Preparedness * Response * Relief
* Recovery * Mitigation & DRR * Coping & Resilience
* Capacity
(Level: Basic)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/disastermanagementbasics-210202045114/85/Disaster-Management-Basics-1-320.jpg)
