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HIRADC
- 1. DR LEE OI WAH
- 2. • Awareness on hazards & risks • Awareness on OHSAS 18001 requirements on HIRADC • Preparation for development of HIRADC procedure at individual company/organisation • Enable you to efficiently and effectively perform a HIRADC at your workplace • Sharing of HIRADC knowledge & experience OBJECTIVES
- 3. 4.2 OSH Policy 4.3 Planning 4.3.1 Hazard identification, risk assessment & determining controls 4.3.2 Legal & Other Requirements 4.3.3 Objectives & programme(s) 4.4 Implementation & Operation 4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability & authority 4.4.2 Competence, training & awareness 4.4.3 Communication, participation & consultation 4.4.3.1 Communication 4.4.3.2 Participation & consultation 4.4.4 Documentation 4.4.5 Control of documents 4.4.6 Operational control 4.4.7 Emergency preparedness & response 4.5 Checking 4.5.1 Performance measurement & monitoring 4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.3 Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective action & preventive action 4.5.3.1 Incident investigation 4.5.3.2 Nonconformity, corrective action & preventive action 4.5.4 Control of records 4.5.5 Internal audit 4.6 Management review Continual Improvement OHSAS 18001:2007 17 CLAUSES
- 4. OHSAS 18001
- 5. • For the management of change, the organization shall identify the OH&S hazards and OH&S risks associated with changes in the organization, the OH&S management system, or its activities, prior to the introduction of such changes. • The organization shall ensure that the results of these assessments are considered when determining controls. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DETERMINING CONTROLS (HIRADC)
- 6. HIRADC Methodology HIRADC CHRA Inspections Monitoring & measurement HAZOP Survey Accident/Near Miss investigation Loss prevention audit JSA 4.3.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND DETERMINING CONTROLS Survey
- 8. HAZARD
- 10. 10 • PHYSICAL - noise, heat, moving parts, sharp edges, slippery floor, electrical etc. • CHEMICAL – flammable, explosive, oxidizing, toxic, corrosive, harmful, irritants e.g. solvents fumes, silica dusts, mercury, lead, acid & caustics etc • BIOLOGICAL – microbiological & animal origin e.g. legionella bacteria, virus, organic dust / fungi, insects etc. • ERGONOMICS – job risk factors, human risk factors & environmental risk factors e.g. excessive manual handling, repetitive movement, poor tools and equipment. • PSYCHOSOCIAL – bullying, workplace violence, shift work, mental stress due excessive work load.
- 11. SOURCES OF HAZARD MAN Unsafe Act MACHINE Fittings , layout and design of equipment MATERIAL Materials used ; such as chemical , solution METHOD The way workers carry out the work or procedure ENVIRONMENT Working environment eg air quality , noise , vibration , work station design , housekeeping etc.
- 12. WHO MIGHT BE HARMED BY THE HAZARD? • Employers • Workers • Visitors • Public
- 14. HEALTH HAZARD
- 15. SAFETY HAZARD
- 17. Classify work activities Consultation Identify hazard Risk assessment Risk control action plan (PRN) Implement Worker representative Employer representative Review PROCESS OF HIRARC
- 20. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (HI) Process of recognizing the hazards and defining its characteristics 20
- 22. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
- 23. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION & ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY
- 24. RISK
- 25. RISK ASSESSMENT Likelihood(L) Example Rating Most likely The most likely result of the hazard/event being realised (> 1x/year) 5 Possible Has a good chance of occuring and is not unusual.(at least 1 x/year) 4 Conceivable Might be occur at sometime in the future.( historically 1 x / few years or cyclical) 3 Remote Has not been known to occur after many years. (last occurrence > 10 years ago) 2 Inconceivabl e Is practically impossible and has never occurred. (historically never happens) 1
- 26. RISK ASSESSMENT Severity(S) Example Rating Catastrophic Numerous fatalities,irrecoverable property damage and productivity. 5 Fatal Approximately 1 single fatality,major property damage if hazard is realised 4 Serious Non-fatal injury, permanent disability. 3 Minor Disabling but not permanent injury. 2 Neglible Minor abrasions,bruises,cuts,first aid type injuries 1
- 27. RISK ASSESSMENT Catastrophic Huge financial loss Huge Damage greater than RM 10,000 Major Injury Permanent disability and loss of services capability. Major financial loss greater than RM 1000 but less than or equal to RM 10,000 Major Damage/loss Fracture, Severe illness, or prolong stay in hospital for more than 4 days. Moderate Medium financial loss greater than RM 200 but Moderate damage /loss less than or equal to RM 1000 Minor cut, laceration, ailment (minor infection), or any incident that results in less than 4 days away from work including First Aid treatment. Minor Injury Low financial loss/property damage less than or equal to RM 200 Minor Damage No injuries. Insignificant No property damage / financial loss No damage 3 2 1 5 Rating Death, Paralysis, Terminal Illness or Infected by incurable disease, Permanent physical or mental impairment, etc. 4 Description of Severity Category Of Severity
- 28. LIKELIHOOD ( L) 1 2 3 4 5 5 5 10 15 20 25 4 4 8 12 16 20 3 3 6 9 12 15 2 2 4 6 8 10 1 1 2 3 4 5 SEVERITY (S) High Medium low RISK MATRIX
- 29. RISK DESCRIPTION ACTION 15-25 High Require IMMEDIATE action to control the hazard as detailed in the hierarchy of control.Action taken must be documented on the risk of assessment form including date for completion. 5-12 Medium Requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies temporary measures if required. Actions taken must be documented on the risk of assessment form including date for completion. 1-4 Low May be considered as acceptable and further reduction may not be necessary.However,if the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently, control measures should be implemented and recorded.
- 30. HAZARD CONTROL
- 32. CONTROL
- 33. RISK CONTROL HIERARCHY 33 Most effective •Elimination - Removing/eradicate the hazard, Fairly effective •Substitution - Replace/use less hazardous one, •Isolation - Segregate e.g. install screens or barriers, •Engineering control - Modification to the tools or equipment, provident guarding to machinery or equipment at the source of hazard, Least effective •Administrative control - Limit exposure , introduce work practices that reduce the risk, •Personal Protective Equipment - Only after other measures are not (PPE) practicable or to increase protection . “Last solution”
- 34. 34 Risk control Plating machine Chemical fume Chemical • Pb (Lead) – 80% • Sn (Tin) – 20% Exhaust Personal Protective Equipments Barrier/ room Training Procedure/ SOP/ Work instruction RISK CONTROL HIERARCHY
- 39. PPE
- 40. DOCUMENTATION 1. Hazard Identification 2. Risk Analysis Risk Control N o Work Activity Hazard Which can cause /effect Exiting Risk Control (ifany) Likelihood Severity Risk RISK MATRIX Recommended Control Measures Person (s) IC Time Frame for implementation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HIRADC FORM Hospital Conducted by (Name, designation Date (from… to..)Process /Location Approved by: Name, Designation Date Review date
- 41. EXAMPLES
- 42. WORKING IN THE OFFICE
- 43. USING THE LIFT
- 44. WORKING AFTER OFFICE HOURS
- 45. STORE ACTIVITY
- 46. PACKAGING
- 48. WORKPLACE SAFETY INSPECTION 1. Memastikan tempat kerja, plant dan proses-proses adalah selamat dan TANPA risiko kesihatan. 2. Menyediakan dan mengekalkan laluan masuk dan keluar / kecemasan dari premis dan kawasan kerja. 3. Mengekalkan persekitaran kerja yang selamat ,bebas dari risiko kesihatan dan mencukupi dari aspek kemudahan-kemudahan untuk kebajikan pekerja.Ini termasuklah pengangkutan, penyimpanan dan pengendalian bahan-bahan..
- 49. Memastikan tempat kerja, plant dan proses-proses adalah selamat dan TANPA risiko kesihatan Menyediakan dan mengekalkan laluan masuk dan keluar/kecemasan dari premis dan kawasan kerja. Mengekalkan persekitaran kerja yang selamat ,bebas dari risiko kesihatan dan mencukupi dari aspek kemudahan- kemudahan untuk kebajikan pekerja.Ini termasuklah pengangkutan, penyimpanan dan pengendalian bahan-bahan..
- 50. LUARAN : tempat letak kereta, loading areas. DALAMAN : house keeping, kebajikan pekerja. KAWASAN KERJA : kebersihan, ergonomics MESIN: membersihkan, maintenance (electrical and mechanical). PEJABAT: kebersihan, ergonomics stesen kerja PROSEDUR: penilaian risiko,penyeliaan, latihan dan penyebaran informasi.
- 51. Keselamatan bangunan. Keselamatan pejabat. Keselamatan kebakaran. Keselamatan elektrikal. Peralatan kecemasan. Kaedah penyimpanan. Keadaan yang merbahaya (Unsafe conditions) Tingkahlaku yang merbahaya (Unsafe acts and practices)
- 52. SENARAI SEMAK PEMERIKSAAN KESELAMATAN TEMPAT KERJA DAN HEALTHY SETTING UNIT/KAWASAN PEMERIKSAAN : TARIKH PEMERIKSAAN : PEGAWAI BERTUGAS : a) b) Bil Indikator Ya Tidak Tindakan Penambahbaikan Peg awai bertanggungjawab Catatan 1 Keselamatan bangunan /struktur Lantai licin / pecah / halangan/curam Bumbung pecah/ terkopak/ sebagainya Pintu dan tingkap Tangga/cerun/parit Laluan masuk dan kecemasan terhalang / lampu exit Lalulintas/ parking Signage yang mencukupi Pencahayaan Pengudaraan 2. Keselamatan pejabat/ruang kerja Susunatur perabut Ergonomik Keselamatan peralatan 1. Restrain 2. PPM 3. Signage berkaitan 4. PPE Pencahayaan Pengudaraan Lantai licin / pecah / halangan/curam First Aid kit
- 53. Bil Indikator Ya Tidak Tindakan Penambahbaikan Peg awai bertanggungjawab Catatan 3 Keselamatan kebakaran Zon berkumpul dikenalpasti Laluan kecemasan Lokasi pemadam api dikenalpasti Sistem penggera berfungsi Pelan evakuasi Head count board Latihan pengungsian Kenalpasti fire hazard dan penambahbaikan 4. Keselamatan elektrikal Cord letrik yang tidak teratur Cord letrik kelihatan frayed Penggunaan extension wire Plag atau soket pecah Cord letrik berdekatan dengan peralatan yang panas Tidak menggunakan plag 3 pin Wayar yang terdedah
- 54. Bil Indikator Ya Tidak Tindakan Penambahbaikan Peg awai bertanggungjawab Catatan 5 Penyimpanan barang Barang terlalu tinggi Susunatur tidak kemas Tiada pemisahan dengan barang mudah terbakar Stork has untuk kimia atau mudah terbakar Pengudaraan/eksos Pemadam api 6. Unsafe conditions (keadaan tidak selamat) Siling usang Lantai tidak sama aras Pintu / tingkap keselamatan Lain-lain 7 Unsafe practices Staf gunakan perabut sebagai tangga Peralatan terbiar Tidak memakai PPE Tidak mengikut SOP contohnya polisi recap, pengurusan sharp etc Tidak pasang signage wet floor, dilarang masuk dan lain-lain 8. Promosi keselamatan dan keselamatan pekerjaan Poster JKKP Polisi JKKP hospital dan KKM Keselesaan pekerja a) Pantry/solat b) Bilik air/locker
- 55. Bil Indikator Ya Tidak Tindakan Penambahbaikan Peg awai bertanggungjawab Catatan 4 Healthy setting Keceriaan unit Promosi kesihatan untuk pelanggan luar Promosi kesihatan untuk staf Kebajikan staf Sudut healthy setting Tempat menunggu Kemudahan orang awam Kemudahan OKU Lain-lain
- 57. WHAT IS CHRA • An assessment programme in the scope of employee’s health due to chemical exposure • A standard method used under DOSH guidelines.
- 58. PURPOSE OF CHRA • To identify hazards posed by each chemical substance used , stored , handled or transported within the place of work. • To evaluate the degree of exposure of employees to the chemicals hazardous to health ; either through inhalation , skin absorption or ingestion. • To evaluate the adequacy of existing control measures. • To conclude on the significance of the health risks posed by the chemicals hazardous to health. • To recommend further appropriate control measures to prevent or reduce risks.
- 59. CHRA-RECAP 1. Identify the hazard 2. Evaluate the degree of exposure 3. Evaluate the adequacy of existing control measures 4. Conclude on the significance 5. Recommend further control measures
- 60. CHRA METHODOLOGY 1. Data collection & documentation review 2. Review of chemical inventories & MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet). 3. Field observations of the work areas and job tasks. 4. Employees interviews 5. Professional judgement & experience of the Industrial Hygienist. 6. Risk ranking using 5x5 matrix. 7. CHRA Report 8. Implementation of recommended control measures.
- 61. HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS • Schedule I to USECCH Regulations 2000 • Part B CPL Regulations 1997 • Pesticide as in Pesticide Act 1974 • Scheduled Waste (1st Schedule) to Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 1989 / 2005 USECCH : Use & Standards of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health
- 62. DEPARTMENTAL PREPARATION FOR CHRA ASSESSMENT • MSDS for all chemicals used (copies) • Procedure /SOP in chemical handling job • Chemical handler training record(topics & schedule). • Brief process flow for each work unit. • Number of staffs in each work unit (male & female) • Interviewee for each work unit.
Notas del editor
- Spend time here. Giving examples, seek participation
- If you have specialized areas that are hazardous, high risk; add them to your checklist. Hazards areas that you should inspect for in each building/area per the audit/manual.