Lecture notes for medical students

1. Tips on using my ppt.
1. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your
name etc.
2. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the
slides are blanks except for the title.
3. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask
students what they already know about ethology of
today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates
aetiologies.
4. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions >
show next slide.
5. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x
three revisions.
6. Good for self study also.
7. See notes for bibliography.

2. Learning Objectives
1.

3. Learning Objectives
1. Introduction & History
2. Relevant Anatomy, Physiology
3. Aetiology
4. Pathophysiology
5. Pathology
6. Classification
7. Clinical Features
8. Investigations
9. Management
10. Prevention
11. Guidelines
12. Take home messages

4. Introduction & History.
•

5. Aetiology

6. Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/ Genetic
• Nutritional Deficiency/excess
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative / lifestyle
• Iatrogenic
• Psychosomatic
• Poisoning/ Toxins/ Drug induced

7. Aetiology of Aetiology
•

8. Aetiology of Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/ Genetic
• Nutritional Deficiency/excess
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative / lifestyle
• Iatrogenic
• Psychosomatic
• Poisoning/ Toxins/ Drug induced

9. Clinical Features
•

10. Clinical Features
• Demography
• Symptoms
• Signs
• Prognosis
• Complications

11. Demography

12. Demography
• Incidence & Prevalence
• Geographical distribution.
• Race
• Age
• Sex
• Socioeconomic status
• Temporal behaviour

13. Demography
• Incidence & Prevalence-

14. Demography
• Geographical distribution.

15. Demography
• Race.

16. Demography
• Age

17. Demography
• Sex

18. Demography
• Socioeconomic status

19. Demography
• Temporal behaviour

20. Signs

21. Signs
• General Examination
• Systemic Examination
• Local Examination

22. Signs
• General Examination

23. Signs
• Systemic Examination

24. Signs
• Local Examination

25. Prognosis

26. Prognosis
• Morbidity
• Mortality rate
• 5 year survival in Malignancy

27. Investigations

28. Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
– Routine
– Special
• Imaging Studies
• Tissue diagnosis
– Cytology
• FNAC
– Histology
– Germ line Testing and Molecular Analysis
• Diagnostic Laparotomy.

29. Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
–

30. Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
–

31. Investigations in Malignancy
•

32. Investigations in Malignancy
• For diagnosis
• For staging
• For Screening
• For Monitoring

33. Diagnostic Studies

34. Diagnostic Studies
Imaging Studies
• X-Ray
• USG
• CT
• Angiography
• MRI
• Endoscopy
• Nuclear scan

35. Prevention

36. Prevention
• Screening
• Risk reduction

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