Tips on using my ppt.
1. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your
name etc.
2. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the
slides are blanks except for the title.
3. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask
students what they already know about ethology of
today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates
aetiologies.
4. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions >
show next slide.
5. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x
three revisions.
6. Good for self study also.
7. See notes for bibliography.

Learning Objectives
1.

Learning Objectives
1. Introduction & History
2. Relevant Anatomy, Physiology
3. Aetiology
4. Pathophysiology
5. Pathology
6. Classification
7. Clinical Features
8. Investigations
9. Management
10. Prevention
11. Guidelines
12. Take home messages

Introduction & History.
•

Aetiology

Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/ Genetic
• Nutritional Deficiency/excess
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative / lifestyle
• Iatrogenic
• Psychosomatic
• Poisoning/ Toxins/ Drug induced

Aetiology of Aetiology
•

Aetiology of Aetiology
• Idiopathic
• Congenital/ Genetic
• Nutritional Deficiency/excess
• Traumatic
• Infections /Infestation
• Autoimmune
• Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant)
• Degenerative / lifestyle
• Iatrogenic
• Psychosomatic
• Poisoning/ Toxins/ Drug induced

Clinical Features
•

Clinical Features
• Demography
• Symptoms
• Signs
• Prognosis
• Complications

Demography

Demography
• Incidence & Prevalence
• Geographical distribution.
• Race
• Age
• Sex
• Socioeconomic status
• Temporal behaviour

Demography
• Incidence & Prevalence-

Demography
• Geographical distribution.

Demography
• Race.

Demography
• Age

Demography
• Sex

Demography
• Socioeconomic status

Demography
• Temporal behaviour

Signs

Signs
• General Examination
• Systemic Examination
• Local Examination

Signs
• General Examination

Signs
• Systemic Examination

Signs
• Local Examination

Prognosis

Prognosis
• Morbidity
• Mortality rate
• 5 year survival in Malignancy

Investigations

Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
– Routine
– Special
• Imaging Studies
• Tissue diagnosis
– Cytology
• FNAC
– Histology
– Germ line Testing and Molecular Analysis
• Diagnostic Laparotomy.

Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
–

Investigations
• Laboratory Studies
–

Investigations in Malignancy
•

Investigations in Malignancy
• For diagnosis
• For staging
• For Screening
• For Monitoring

Diagnostic Studies

Diagnostic Studies
Imaging Studies
• X-Ray
• USG
• CT
• Angiography
• MRI
• Endoscopy
• Nuclear scan

Prevention

Prevention
• Screening
• Risk reduction

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