When I was a teenager, I spent my monthly allowance visiting this basement shop in a London Alley near Oxford Street … at the time, it was the only place in the whole of the UK to buy *really* cutting-edge European Death Metal music. Technology has changed our world so much over the last two decades that my youth seems like ancient history; but over the next two decades, the changes that will become possible as technology develops will be even more striking; and it may even be hard to recognise the way that we interact with our future world as "human behaviour" as we understand it now. As consumer technologies such as social media, open data and smartphones evolve through the next-generation of "human/computer interfaces", the incredible power of future technology will be put into the hands of individuals and small businesses. By opening up cities' digital infrastructure to them, business and government can help people and cities to help themselves.

1. Tomorrow’s cities and the ghost in the machine
Dr Rick Robinson AoU CITP FRSA
Executive Architect, IBM Smarter Cities
Open Group Distinguished Certified IT Architect
rick_robinson@uk.ibm.com
@dr_rick
http://theurbantechnologist.com/
http://ibm.com/smartercities/
Analysis of bus movements in Dublin
http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41068.wss
Image captured by MRI scan by Shinji Nishimoto et al, UC Berkley, 2011
https://sites.google.com/site/gallantlabucb/publications/nishimoto-et-al-2011
Pedestrian roundabout in Shanghai, China, by Chris UK
http://www.flickr.com/photos/_chrisuk/7580861928/
3D printer by Media Lab Prado
http://www.flickr.com/photos/medialab-prado/5839088528/

2. http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=19/51.51444/-0.13387

3. Photo of Celtic Frost poster by Ryan Snyder http://www.flickr.com/photos/ryansnyder/6054663084/
Photo of Shades Records from http://www.thrashhits.com/2008/07/in-memoriam-of-shades/

4. “While the population in Mumbai grew by 25% between 1991 and 2010, the number of
people traveling by trains during the same years increased by 66% and the number of
vehicles grew by 181%.
At the same time, the number of enterprises in the city increased by 56%.
All of this indicates a restructuring of the economy, where the nature of work and
movement has changed.”
“Being Nicely Messy”, Collaborative Research Initiative Trust, Audi Urban Future Awards, 2012

5. World Urbanization Prospects, 2007 Revision, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations
Many developing nations – e.g. Tanzania, Turkmenistan, Tajikstan - define cities by
criteria including “the pre-dominance of non-agricultural workers and their families”
We have industrialised food-supply and moved to cities

6. Survey of fund managers
responsible for $14 trillion of assets
“Global Investor Survey on Climate Change”, Global
Investor Coalition on Climate Change, 2013
EM-DAT Emergency Disasters Database
We are more vulnerable to increasingly extreme weather

7. (“Lives on the Line” by James Cheshire at UCL’s Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, showing the variation in life
expectancy and correlation to child poverty in London. From Cheshire, J. 2012. Lives on the Line: Mapping Life
Expectancy Along the London Tube Network. Environment and Planning A. 44 (7). Doi: 10.1068/a45341)
The benefits of urban life are distributed extremely unevenly

8. The Internet of Things – 1 trillion internet-connected devices by 2015

9.  “Sensprout” is an ultra low-cost soil
moisture sensor
 Consists of printed circuits formed from
silver nanoparticles on paper
 Can be printed with a standard ink jet
printer, using commercially-available ink
 Powered by ambient radio waves converted
by the printed antenna from radio frequency
to DC power
21st Century perpetual motion: print-your-own self-powering sensors

10. Images captured by MRI scan by Shinji Nishimoto, Alex G. Huth, An Vu and Jack L. Gallant, UC Berkley, 2011
https://sites.google.com/site/gallantlabucb/publications/nishimoto-et-al-2011
3D printed prosthetic leg by Bespoke Innovations
http://www.bespokeinnovations.com/content/gallery
The merging of mind, information and the physical world
The IBM Watson Computer:
http://www.ibm.com/innovation/us/watson/index.html

11. “Cognitive cooking”
Cognitive Cooking:
http://www.fastcodesign.com/1672444/try-a-recipe-devised-by-
ibms-supercomputer-chef

12. http://www.smartercomputingblog.com/smarter-computing/smarter-cities-rio/

13. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/34575.wss
Business model: Sustainable Business

14. Smarter city planning

15. Smarter city planning

16. Smarter city visions
Before
After
http://www.slideboom.com/presentations/396907/Space-Syntax_The-city-as-a-transaction-network

17. Kelvin Campbell’s “Massive/ Small”
http://engagingcities.com/post/5012064472/massive-small-the-operating-system-for-smart-urbanism
Town plan for Edinburgh’s New Town from the JR James archive
http://www.flickr.com/photos/jrjamesarchive/
Photo of pedestrian roundabout in Shanghai, China, by Chris UK
http://www.flickr.com/photos/_chrisuk/7580861928/
Photo of Masshouse Circus, Birmingham, before its redevelopment, by Birmingham City Council
http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/cs/Satellite?c=Page&childpagename=Planning-
Management%2FPageLayout&cid=1223092740947&pagename=BCC%2FCommon%2FWrapper%2FWrapper
“Massive / Small” and Smart Digital Urbanism

18. http://www.insuranceclaims.co.uk/news/freaky-car-crashes/

19. Packages from Amazon delivered to Google’s San Francisco office. Photo bymoppet65535
https://www.flickr.com/photos/9880707@N02/

20. https://twitter.com/BarackObama

21. Google’s wearable computer, Google
Glass. Photograph by Apostolos
https://www.flickr.com/photos/apostolosp/

22. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22421185

24. Sunderland Software City:
http://cities-
today.com/2013/03/sunderlands-
software-centre-gets-ibm-backing/
Sunderland Civic Centre by Paul Boxley
http://www.flickr.com/photos/paulboxley/241434422/

25. Photo of Jane Jacobs by Michèl Champagne
http://www.mediamatic.net/104796/en/jane-jacobs-ideas-that-matter
Photo of Christopher Alexander by Eugene Kim
http://www.flickr.com/photos/eekim/5686194142/

26. Business model: Social Enterprise

27. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/34575.wss
Business model: Cross-City Collaboration

28. http://www-03.ibm.com/press/uk/en/pressrelease/41097.wss
https://www-304.ibm.com/connections/blogs/ibmireland/entry/innovative_new_data_sharing_network_to_create_commercial_opportunities1
Business model: Information Sharing Partnership

29. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-22357748
Exporting innovation: bus optimisation in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

30. http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/leadership/uofbari/assets/pdf/IBM_UofBari.pdf
http://malaria.novartis.
com/innovation/sms-
for-life/index.shtml
Photo of 3D-printed objects by Shapeways,
http://www.flickr.com/photos/51579195@N02/5523472239/
Business model: Collective Infrastructure
Kilimo Salama:
http://www.syngenta
foundation.org/index
.cfm?pageID=562

31. http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/business-brains/predictive-analytics-at-work-predicting-traffic-jams-before-they-occur/10543
http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/21971.wss
Business model: Disruptive Business Platforms

32. The internet of money and the right to information

33. Business model: Regeneration and Incubation

34. Mapping from Open Street Map http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright

35. Urban form Global accessibility
Site location
Spatial accessibility
High
Low
Spatial analysis of Birmingham by Space Syntax: http://www.spacesyntax.com/

36. Urban form Local accessibility
Site location
Spatial accessibility
High
Low
Spatial analysis of Birmingham by Space Syntax: http://www.spacesyntax.com/

37. Queens Arms by Ian Edwards http://www.flickr.com/photos/hanuman/2497292061/
Great Charles Street by Elliott Brown http://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/4920885391/
“Smart Hack” Birmingham by Sebastian Lenton https://twitter.com/sebastianlenton
Colmore Square by Elliott Brown http://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/3755421730/
Jennens Road by Elliott Brown http://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/4521075613/
Road sign by Elliott Brown http://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/4711677856/
Bull Ring by Johnny Wilson http://www.flickr.com/photos/johnnytakespictures/7814385330/
Digbeth by Elliott Brown http://www.flickr.com/photos/ell-r-brown/5974905435/
University of Birmingham by v1ctory_1s_m1ne http://www.flickr.com/photos/v1ctory_1s_m1ne/413854637/

38. Smarter cities are created by people, in places, using information
Coders taking part in last year’s “Smart Hack” at Birmingham Science Park Aston by Sebastian Lenton: https://twitter.com/sebastianlenton

39. Thankyou
Dr Rick Robinson AoU CITP FRSA
Executive Architect, IBM Smarter Cities
Open Group Distinguished Certified IT Architect
rick_robinson@uk.ibm.com
@dr_rick
http://theurbantechnologist.com/
http://ibm.com/smartercities/
Analysis of bus movements in Dublin
http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41068.wss
Droplet smartphone payment service
https://dropletpay.com
Pedestrian roundabout in Shanghai, China, by Chris UK
http://www.flickr.com/photos/_chrisuk/7580861928/
3D printer by Media Lab Prado
http://www.flickr.com/photos/medialab-prado/5839088528/