1. Disorders of speech & Language Dr T Balasubramanian

3. ENT surgeons are commonly involved in diagnosing and treating patients with communication disorders

4. Speech language therapists play a vital role in managing children with communication problems

6. Imitation

7. Experimentation

8. Feedback

10. Hearing diability is the commonest cause of speech disturbance

11. Earlier hearing disability is identified and corrected chances of normal speech development is bright

12. Augmentation devices should be prescribed at a very early age – under the age of 1 in patients with deafness

14. Child loves to imitate its mother

15. More the mother talks to the child – faster the speech develops

17. Control and generation of speech is largely gained through experimentation

18. Drooling is one feature of experimentation

19. Drooling stops as soon as the child comes out of this phase

21. Emotions – mother

22. Response to sounds generated by the child

23. Stages of speech development

25. Primitive articulation stage

26. Expansion phase

27. Canonical babbling phase

29. Infant raises vowel like sounds

30. Sounds produced are known as cooing

32. Wide variety of sounds are produced by the infant in this stage

33. This phase is a must before the child can migrate to the expansion phase

35. Infant needs to be encouraged during this stage

37. In this phase child learns to speak works like mamma, dadda etc.

39. Expressive disorders

40. Mixed disorders

42. Sensory – Secondary to hearing / visual impairment

43. Environmental – Poor sensory stimulation

45. Oropharyngeal structural disorders – cleft palate, rhinolalia

46. Motor nerve and cortical disorders (dysarthria)

47. Fluency disorders (stuttering)

49. Developmental disorders (cerebral palsy)

51. Parental anxiety

52. Rescorla criteria – Children at 24 months who speak less than 50 single words and use no two words combination belong to this group

53. Incidence is about 15% of normal population

55. Socializing problems

56. Behavioral problems

57. Learning difficulties

58. Antisocial activities

60. Details of delivery

61. Developmental milestones

62. Feeding history of the child

64. Phonation

65. Articulation

66. Resonance

67. Velopharyngeal sphincter

69. Rhinolalia aperta

70. Thank you