A presentation on statistics about Syria. It mainly contains the socail and economic growth.

1. SYRIA

2. Syria Overview

3. History
1516-1918 Part of Ottoman Empire
1918 (after world war 1 ) French Mandate
1946 independent and parliamentary Republic
1970-2000 Hafez al-Assad was President
2000-Now Bashar al-Assad is President

4. Health and Education
Literacy Rate 90% Male
80% Female
Life Expectancy 74.19 years Males
77.30 years Females

5. The Economy
(2012)
GDP 73.67 billion dollars.
GDP growth rate 3.3 percent
Inflation rate 5 percent.
Total labor force 5.12 million workers.
Unemployment rate 30%
Poverty 30%

6. Economy
Lower middle income country by World Bank
Oil and Agriculture based Economy
Oil export : 40 % of export earning
Agriculture 20 % GDP

7. Finance Sector
Damascus Securities Exchange was opened in
March 2009. More than 15 companies were
listed by the end of 2009.
President pledged to transform the state-
dominated economy into a socialist market
economy.
Though the state-owned insurance company
continues to hold the majority share with 41% of
the market, the share has declined steadily

8. Import and Export Sector
In February, 2009, the Syrian government set up
a new minimum price requirements for clothing
imports, reduced fuel and electricity prices, and
raised tariffs on imported cotton.
Tariffs have been reduced several times in recent
years; the average tariff fell to 14.5%, down from
20%.
In February, 2009, the EU’s external relations
commissioner told reporters that the long-stalled
agreement with Syria stands a good chance of
being passed by the middle of this year.

10. Sci- Tech policies
HCRS
Educational and
Research
Institutes and
Centers (Public
Universities 10)
Public
Universities 6
Private
Universities 16
Scientific and
Research
Commissions
and Centers 6
Educational and
Research
Institutes and
Centers
(Independent) 3 Intermediary
Scientific
Commissions
and Centers
(Ministries) 8
Service
Scientific
Institutes and
Centers
(Ministries) 5
Scientific
societies 3

11. Distributed research projects by
disciplines in public universities
(2009)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80

12. Economic and Social Objectives of
the Research Plans
Technology
transfer
20%
Meet the
10th five
year plan
19%
Achieve
economic
impact
11%
Enhancing
the
compititivene
ss
10%
Solve
immediate
problems
21%
Entrepreneur
ship
5%
Other
objective
14%
Sales

13. Publications
The Total Number of Scientific Publications for
Universities and Other institutes related to MoHE
( National and International ):
In 2008 : 1890 publications
In 2009 : 2916 publications

14. Distributed R&D Projects by Discipline
in R&D Institutions
The Total Number of R&D projects
- for 2008 was 1530, out of which 1217
projects for Agriculture
- for 2009 was 1506, out of which 1276
projects for Agriculture
The number of researchers in the country is
less than the aspirations and requirements of
development and global indicators

15. Registered Patents
2008 : 65
2009 : 46
Reason for the low number of registered patents
- No Innovation Policy
- No Conviction

16. NOSSTIA
(The Network of Syrian Scientists,
Technologists and Innovations Abroad)
Vision- It aims to become the hub of a
reliable network of Syrian experts in various
scientific domains, in order to enable technical
experience transfer to Syria, and facilitate
scientific cooperation.
Mission- It will offer Syrian expatriates the
means and support to initiate and implement
cooperation initiatives and work on projects
and services that could be of great benefit to
Syria.

17. Strategic Goals
Modern Technical knowledge transfer
Advanced training for national Syrian scientists
and technologists.
Bypass the Syrian brain drain

18. Agriculture
Major crops produced are wheat, barley, lentils,
chickpeas, sugar and cotton.
Extensively dependent on rainfall.
More than 60% of fertilizers produced locally
near HOMS and balanced is met by imports.

19. Over the last
decade, the
contribution
to the
national
GDP ranged
between
16% and
24%
to the total
labor force
about 20%,
to the total
trade about
14%.
Provides
raw
materials to
agro-
industry
business

20. 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Agriculture 24.1 19.7 17.5 18.7 16.2 19.7
Building & Construction 4.3 4.1 3.6 3.6 3.6 4.3
Finance & Insurance 4.7 5.4 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.6
Government Services 10.6 12.9 12.5 13.2 14.0 15.0
Mining & Manufacturing 23.7 23.3 23.2 22.6 24.5 22.4
Transport & Communication 11.3 11.9 12.5 12.3 12.9 11.8
Wholesale & Retail Trade 18.3 19.5 21.6 20.8 20.1 17.3
other sectors 3.0 3.2 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.8
International Conference on Policies for Water and Food
Security in Dry Areas – 24-26 June, Cairo, Egypt
Contribution of the economic sectors of the national
economy to Gross Domestic Products at fixed prices between
2006 and 2011 (%)
24.1 16.2

21. Land use
33% Cultivable
Invested area 5.7 million hectares, 94% of
cultivable land, 24% irrigated, 56% rain-fed land,
20% fallow land.
20% Uncultivable
44% pastures and steppes
3% forests

22. The impact of Agricultural Policies was positive on the increase
of wheat production, due to the development of both
horizontal and vertical dimensions,
between 1990 and 2012:
The production increased by 74%.
74% due to improving in productivity
26% due to the expansion in area
Statistics shows that the average ration of cultivated area
to planed area of wheat between 1996 and 2013 is 104%,
the highest was 124%, in 2001, and the lowest was 82%,
in 2013.
Policy impacts analysis

23. The Importance of Wheat
The most important item of food basket
In 2011,
wheat made up 35% of the cropped area
28% of the crop production
20% of the value of crop production
14% of the value of agricultural production
To avoid the risk of drought, about 50% of
wheat cultivated in irrigated area.

24. Cotton
In 1976, Syria was tenth largest producer of
cotton and fourth largest exporter
Cotton production rose from 13000 tons in 1949
to 180,000 tons in 1965.
Area under cultivation of cotton rose substantially
in 1980s.

25. The impact of Agricultural Policies was positive on the increase
of wheat production, due to the development of both
horizontal and vertical dimensions,
between 1990 and 2012:
The production increased by 74%.
74% due to improving in productivity
26% due to the expansion in area
Statistics shows that the average ration of cultivated area
to planed area of wheat between 1996 and 2013 is 104%,
the highest was 124%, in 2001, and the lowest was 82%,
in 2013.
Policy impacts analysis

26. International Conference on Policies for Water and Food
Security in Dry Areas – 24-26 June, Cairo, Egypt
Item
Self-sufficiency
ratio
Item Self-sufficiency ratio
Wheat 98 Olive 558
Lentils 173 Almonds 101
Tomato 147 Eggs 122.7
Potato 109 red meat 109
Barley 62.5 Milk 295
Maize 11.6
Table: The average Self-Sufficiency Ratio between 2005 and 2010 (%)

27. Internet Censorship
Syria bans websites for political reasons and arrests people
accessing them.
Syria has been on Reporters Without Borders' Enemy of the
Internet list since 2006 when the list was established
In November 2007 the Syrian government blocked Facebook,
explaining that the website promoted attacks on authorities.
In February 2011 Syria stopped filtering YouTube, Facebook, and
Twitter.
The Syrian Electronic Army, also known as the Syrian Electronic
Soldiers, is a collection of pro-government computer hackers
aligned with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. it mainly targets
political opposition groups and western websites, including news
organizations and human rights groups.

28. Telecommunication
Year Internet user % of population
2000 30,000 0.2%
2002 220,000 1.2%
2005 800,000 4.2%
2009 3,565,000 16.4%
2010 3,935,000 17.5%
2011 4,469,000 19.8%

29. Foreign Relations
Relationship with US
Tensed bilateral relationship because
Golan heights annexation
Iraq war
Syrian civil war

30. Friendly Relationship
Continues to foster good relations with traditional
allies, Iran, China, Venezuela and Russia
These countries which have supported the Syrian
government in its conflict with the Syrian opposition.
From the Arab league, Syria continues to
maintain diplomatic relations with Algeria, Egypt,
Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan and Yemen.

31. Bitter Relationship
The primary goals of President Bashar al-
Assad's foreign policy are
Ensuring national security
Increasing influence among its Arab
neighbors
Securing the return of the Golan Heights, are
These have resulted in virulent tension with its
geographically cultural neighbors, such as
Turkey, Israel, and Lebanon.

32. Golan heights annexation
Strategic importance
Southern Syria and the capital
Damascus are clearly visible from
the top of the Heights
A key source of water for an arid
region.
The land is fertile, with the
volcanic soil

33. Recent Game- Changing
Thresholds

34. Ghouta Chemical Attack
On 21 August 2013 Ghouta suburbs around Damascus was
struck by rockets containing chemical agents Sarin.
Death toll range near to 1730
International reaction
US and France plan to strike targets in Syria but were
condemned by Russia, Iran and China.
Arab League supported military action against Syria in event of
UN support.
House of Commons of UK voted against military in Syria.
On Sept 14, 2013 US and Russia announced an agreement that
would lead t elimination of Syria’s chemical weapon stockpiles by
mid-2014.

35. Internationally, Syria is more isolated than ever
Russia (unenthusiastically followed by China) is its sole backer
The Assad regime has no more political or ideological cards to play
As it wages war against its own people, it exposes the country to
foreign influences.
Military capacity is eroding through a continuous trickle of defectors.
Economy is weak.
Most R&D and S&T activities are allocated within the public and
university sectors, with very small contribution from the private sector.
Meagre facilities inevitably lead to a decline in the level of graduates in
science and technology fields, which in turn limits the ability of
research centres and productive firms, which employ these graduates
to achieve advanced levels of scientific and technological performance
and accomplishment.

36. References
Wikipedia
UNESCO website
BBC website
Economist
policymic.com

37. Thank you !!