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Necessary steps for
 implementation of
 e-Democracy solutions


Prof.dr.sc. Diana Šimić
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Organisation and Informatics
e-Democracy
What are the Issues?
What is e-Democracy?




• Use of ICTs for communication between Government and
  the citizen for
  • Information provision (eTransparency - web sites)
  • Public consultation (eParticipation – on-line polling, discussions,
    fora, petitions, Web 2.0 etc.)
  • Decision-making and elections (eVoting)
  • Providing services (eGovernment)
• Citizens providing online support to each other
  • Web 2.0 services like - online discussion groups, chat-rooms, wikis,
    blogs, etc.



                         Necessary steps for implementation of
                               e-Democracy solutions                       3
Issues of e-Democracy - Access




                                   60,0

• Who can access
                                   50,0
  online information
  and services?                    40,0



• What is the outreach
                                   30,0



  capacity of online               20,0


  channels?                        10,0


                                    0,0
                                          HR     MK       ME       RS       MD        XK      AL   BA

                                                            Broadband      Internet

                                            Source: eSEE Initiative Secretariat – The Status of
                                            Implementation of eSEE Agenda Plus, July 2010




                       Necessary steps for implementation of
                             e-Democracy solutions                                                      4
Socio-political Issues of e-Democracy




• Social complexity: age, gender, regional and other sources
  of differences in:
  – Political and social backgrounds
  – Understanding of democratic and political processes
  – Critical skills – computer literacy, critical thinking
  – Expectations
• Legal and administrative aspects:
  – Creating mechanism to manage the process, analyze inputs,
    respond to them and feed them into the policy process




                           Necessary steps for implementation of
                                 e-Democracy solutions             5
e-Democracy – Trust and Privacy




• Authenticity
  – Does the citizen have to identify him/her-self?
  – Is online government information authentic / official?
• Trust
  – Do citizens trust the Government?
  – Does the Government trust citizens?
• Personal data protection and privacy vs. Openness,
  transparency
• Individual citizens' rights vs. Society as a whole


                         Necessary steps for implementation of
                               e-Democracy solutions             6
Where We Stand?
     UN eGovernment Survey 2010
Benchmarking eParticipation




• A country’s strength in e-participation is measured against
  three benchmarks:
  – Does the national government publish information on items under
    consideration?
  – Are there ways for the public to engage in consultations with policy
    makers, government officials and one another?
  – Can citizens directly influence decisions, for example by voting
    online or using a mobile telephone?




                         Necessary steps for implementation of
                               e-Democracy solutions                       8
Top 20 countries in e-participation
      10 EU member states

        1 Republic of Korea                   11 Bahrain
        2 Australia                           12 Malaysia
        3 Spain                               13 Denmark
        4 New Zealand                         14 Germany
        4 United Kingdom                      15 France
        6 Japan                               16 Netherlands
        6 United States                       17 Belgium
        8 Canada                              18 Kazakhstan
        9 Estonia                             19 Lithuania
        9 Singapore                           20 Slovenia
                      Necessary steps for implementation of
                            e-Democracy solutions              9
Ranking of eSEE Countries in e-participation
      (out of 157 countries)


            25 Croatia                55 Italy
            26 Ireland                55 Macedonia
            30 Finland                58 Moldova
            34 Malta                  64 Romania
            36 Hungary                68 Luxemburg
            39 Bulgaria               76 Montenegro
            45 Latvia                 86 Albania
            45 Portugal               86 Czech Republic
            48 Greece                 117 Slovakia
            51 Poland                 135 Bosnia and Herzegovina
                                      135 Serbia
                    Necessary steps for implementation of
                          e-Democracy solutions                    10
Web 2.0 tools used in e-Decision making




                      Feature                                     # countries       %

 Online discussion forums                                                   32      17%

 Archive of past discussion forums                                          27      14%

 Government officials respond to citizen input                              16      8%

 Government officials moderate e-consultations                                  8   4%

 Online petitions                                                           17      9%

 Online voting                                                              17      9%



                          Necessary steps for implementation of
                                e-Democracy solutions                                     11
E-Democracy in EU
EU activities



• eParticipation preparatory action (2006-2008)
  – 21 projects funded, running until 2011
  – European eParticipation Day 4 March 2009
  – eParticipation community on ePractice.eu
• CIP ICT
  – in 2009: eParticipation Call for proposals
  – eSEE Participation: Romania, Croatia, Serbia




                                                                       13
                       Necessary steps for implementation of
                             e-Democracy solutions             Moldova e-Gov Summit
PEP-NET
     www.pep-net.eu

• Network promoting local and regional eParticipation:
  – Distributing information
  – Sharing experiences
  – Fostering the wider use of participatory tools and activities
• Membership:
  – eParticipation experts, researchers, practitioners, public
    administrations and citizen organisations
• Activities:
  – Blog dedicated to eParticipation and how it is being implemented
    across Europe
  – Showcasing participatory technologies “in action” and how they
    can be best exploited through popular Web 2.0 and 3.0 tools (e.g.
    Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc.)
• Source of funding: ICT PSP
                                                                            14
                        Necessary steps for implementation of
                              e-Democracy solutions                 Moldova e-Gov Summit
PARTERRE: Electronic Participation Tools for
     Spatial Planning and Territorial Development



• Objective: Validate the market perspective of a pan-
  European service based on existing solutions
  – Electronic Town Meeting
  – DEMOS-Plan application for stakeholders online consultation in
    spatial planning
• Activities:
  – Six pilots in five EU countries
  – enhance direct participation of citizens, stakeholders and civil
    society in the decision-making processes
• Business goal: Provide a complete “turnkey” solution to
  European public authorities.
• Source of funding: ICT PSP
                                                                         15
                        Necessary steps for implementation of
                              e-Democracy solutions              Moldova e-Gov Summit
E-Democracy in SuthEast Europe
Regional policy
      eSEE Initiative




• Established under the umbrella of the Stability Pact
  in 2001
• Since 2008 works within the framework of the
  Regional Cooperation Council (www.rcc.org)
• eSEE Agenda Plus signed in 2007 at the Ministerial
  Conference in Sarajevo by Albania, Bosnia and
  Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova,
  Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Kosovo


                                                                17
                Necessary steps for implementation of
                      e-Democracy solutions             Moldova e-Gov Summit
eSEE Agenda Plus - Priorities




• Single South East European Information Space
• Innovation and Investment in ICT Research and
  Education
• Inclusive Information Society




                                                                18
                Necessary steps for implementation of
                      e-Democracy solutions             Moldova e-Gov Summit
eSEE Agenda Plus




• e-Participation and e-Democracy among the priorities
  – Make all decisions that require public discussion, as well as their
    drafts, available for online discussion
  – Increase the participation of citizens and business, as a part of
    e-Government services
  – Adopt Action Plans for implementation of ICT in electoral process
    and implementation of electronic vote




                                                                          19
                       Necessary steps for implementation of
                             e-Democracy solutions               Moldova e-Gov Summit
Best practice cases
Estonia – TID: Today I Decide



• Public participation portal named “Today, I decide”
• Citizens propose and discuss new legislation
• Software will be made available free for non-commercial
  use to all interested actors in order to increase citizen
  participation




                                                                    21
                    Necessary steps for implementation of
                          e-Democracy solutions             Moldova e-Gov Summit
USA 2008 election
         Project Organize for America


• Presidential campaign of Barack Obama used Web 2.0
  tools to reach to general public, seek support and collect
  feedback from voters
• Examples:
  – YouTube sponsored Democratic Presidential Debate
  – www.barakobama.com – issues – volunteers – blog
  – Web 2.0 tools: Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Flickr, Digg, Twitter,
    Eventful, Linkedin, Blackplanet, Faithbase, Eons, Glee, MiGente,
    MyBatanga, AsianAve and DNC Partybuilder
  – blogs, groups (social networking)
  – guidelines for the users to organize local events
  – after the election focus on key projects like Health Care Reform
                                                                               22
                         Necessary steps for implementation of
                               e-Democracy solutions                   Moldova e-Gov Summit
“
    • E-participation is not a choice:
      e-participation will happen whether you
      like it or not. A government’s only choice
      is whether to react defensively to it, or to
      engage pro-actively in ways which create
                                                          “
      public value.
                                UNDESA: Towards Participatory
                                and Transparent Governance:
                                Reinventing Government, 2007


                Necessary steps for implementation of
                      e-Democracy solutions                     23
Key Succes Factors




   1   Political will and awareness (policy, strategy)

   2   Building social trust (transparency, accountability)

   3   Removing social barriers (access, e-Inclusion)

   4   Transformational government (citizen-centricity, skills)

   5   E-Government infrastructure (open standards)

                   Necessary steps for implementation of
                         e-Democracy solutions                24
Questions?


Diana Šimić
Diana.Simic@foi.hr
+385 91 3390 978
                      Necessary steps for implementation of
                            e-Democracy solutions

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[2010] Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions - by Dijana Simic

  • 1. Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Prof.dr.sc. Diana Šimić University of Zagreb Faculty of Organisation and Informatics
  • 3. What is e-Democracy? • Use of ICTs for communication between Government and the citizen for • Information provision (eTransparency - web sites) • Public consultation (eParticipation – on-line polling, discussions, fora, petitions, Web 2.0 etc.) • Decision-making and elections (eVoting) • Providing services (eGovernment) • Citizens providing online support to each other • Web 2.0 services like - online discussion groups, chat-rooms, wikis, blogs, etc. Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 3
  • 4. Issues of e-Democracy - Access 60,0 • Who can access 50,0 online information and services? 40,0 • What is the outreach 30,0 capacity of online 20,0 channels? 10,0 0,0 HR MK ME RS MD XK AL BA Broadband Internet Source: eSEE Initiative Secretariat – The Status of Implementation of eSEE Agenda Plus, July 2010 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 4
  • 5. Socio-political Issues of e-Democracy • Social complexity: age, gender, regional and other sources of differences in: – Political and social backgrounds – Understanding of democratic and political processes – Critical skills – computer literacy, critical thinking – Expectations • Legal and administrative aspects: – Creating mechanism to manage the process, analyze inputs, respond to them and feed them into the policy process Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 5
  • 6. e-Democracy – Trust and Privacy • Authenticity – Does the citizen have to identify him/her-self? – Is online government information authentic / official? • Trust – Do citizens trust the Government? – Does the Government trust citizens? • Personal data protection and privacy vs. Openness, transparency • Individual citizens' rights vs. Society as a whole Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 6
  • 7. Where We Stand? UN eGovernment Survey 2010
  • 8. Benchmarking eParticipation • A country’s strength in e-participation is measured against three benchmarks: – Does the national government publish information on items under consideration? – Are there ways for the public to engage in consultations with policy makers, government officials and one another? – Can citizens directly influence decisions, for example by voting online or using a mobile telephone? Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 8
  • 9. Top 20 countries in e-participation 10 EU member states 1 Republic of Korea 11 Bahrain 2 Australia 12 Malaysia 3 Spain 13 Denmark 4 New Zealand 14 Germany 4 United Kingdom 15 France 6 Japan 16 Netherlands 6 United States 17 Belgium 8 Canada 18 Kazakhstan 9 Estonia 19 Lithuania 9 Singapore 20 Slovenia Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 9
  • 10. Ranking of eSEE Countries in e-participation (out of 157 countries) 25 Croatia 55 Italy 26 Ireland 55 Macedonia 30 Finland 58 Moldova 34 Malta 64 Romania 36 Hungary 68 Luxemburg 39 Bulgaria 76 Montenegro 45 Latvia 86 Albania 45 Portugal 86 Czech Republic 48 Greece 117 Slovakia 51 Poland 135 Bosnia and Herzegovina 135 Serbia Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 10
  • 11. Web 2.0 tools used in e-Decision making Feature # countries % Online discussion forums 32 17% Archive of past discussion forums 27 14% Government officials respond to citizen input 16 8% Government officials moderate e-consultations 8 4% Online petitions 17 9% Online voting 17 9% Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 11
  • 13. EU activities • eParticipation preparatory action (2006-2008) – 21 projects funded, running until 2011 – European eParticipation Day 4 March 2009 – eParticipation community on ePractice.eu • CIP ICT – in 2009: eParticipation Call for proposals – eSEE Participation: Romania, Croatia, Serbia 13 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 14. PEP-NET www.pep-net.eu • Network promoting local and regional eParticipation: – Distributing information – Sharing experiences – Fostering the wider use of participatory tools and activities • Membership: – eParticipation experts, researchers, practitioners, public administrations and citizen organisations • Activities: – Blog dedicated to eParticipation and how it is being implemented across Europe – Showcasing participatory technologies “in action” and how they can be best exploited through popular Web 2.0 and 3.0 tools (e.g. Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc.) • Source of funding: ICT PSP 14 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 15. PARTERRE: Electronic Participation Tools for Spatial Planning and Territorial Development • Objective: Validate the market perspective of a pan- European service based on existing solutions – Electronic Town Meeting – DEMOS-Plan application for stakeholders online consultation in spatial planning • Activities: – Six pilots in five EU countries – enhance direct participation of citizens, stakeholders and civil society in the decision-making processes • Business goal: Provide a complete “turnkey” solution to European public authorities. • Source of funding: ICT PSP 15 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 17. Regional policy eSEE Initiative • Established under the umbrella of the Stability Pact in 2001 • Since 2008 works within the framework of the Regional Cooperation Council (www.rcc.org) • eSEE Agenda Plus signed in 2007 at the Ministerial Conference in Sarajevo by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Kosovo 17 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 18. eSEE Agenda Plus - Priorities • Single South East European Information Space • Innovation and Investment in ICT Research and Education • Inclusive Information Society 18 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 19. eSEE Agenda Plus • e-Participation and e-Democracy among the priorities – Make all decisions that require public discussion, as well as their drafts, available for online discussion – Increase the participation of citizens and business, as a part of e-Government services – Adopt Action Plans for implementation of ICT in electoral process and implementation of electronic vote 19 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 21. Estonia – TID: Today I Decide • Public participation portal named “Today, I decide” • Citizens propose and discuss new legislation • Software will be made available free for non-commercial use to all interested actors in order to increase citizen participation 21 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 22. USA 2008 election Project Organize for America • Presidential campaign of Barack Obama used Web 2.0 tools to reach to general public, seek support and collect feedback from voters • Examples: – YouTube sponsored Democratic Presidential Debate – www.barakobama.com – issues – volunteers – blog – Web 2.0 tools: Facebook, MySpace, YouTube, Flickr, Digg, Twitter, Eventful, Linkedin, Blackplanet, Faithbase, Eons, Glee, MiGente, MyBatanga, AsianAve and DNC Partybuilder – blogs, groups (social networking) – guidelines for the users to organize local events – after the election focus on key projects like Health Care Reform 22 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions Moldova e-Gov Summit
  • 23. • E-participation is not a choice: e-participation will happen whether you like it or not. A government’s only choice is whether to react defensively to it, or to engage pro-actively in ways which create “ public value. UNDESA: Towards Participatory and Transparent Governance: Reinventing Government, 2007 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 23
  • 24. Key Succes Factors 1 Political will and awareness (policy, strategy) 2 Building social trust (transparency, accountability) 3 Removing social barriers (access, e-Inclusion) 4 Transformational government (citizen-centricity, skills) 5 E-Government infrastructure (open standards) Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions 24
  • 25. Questions? Diana Šimić Diana.Simic@foi.hr +385 91 3390 978 Necessary steps for implementation of e-Democracy solutions