1. T HE G REAT W EST

2. C LASHES ON THE P LAINS
 Treaty of Fort Laramie
 Beginning of reservations for Plains Indians

3. T HE H ORSE AND THE B ISON
Horses brought by the Spanish allowed the Plains
Indians increased mobility in war and hunting.

5.  1834 U.S. Government considered the
entire Great Plains an Indian
reservation
 1850s U.S. Government began to make
treaties  specific boundaries

6. C AUSES OF M IGRATION TO A MERICAN I NDIAN L ANDS
 Discovery of Gold
 European migration to
U.S.
 Cheap / free land
 Overcrowding
 A new life after the Civil
War

8.  Massacre at Sand Creek (1864)
Cheyenne/Arapaho – 150 mostly women and children were killed
 Second Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
Bozeman Trail closed
Agree to settlement on reservation
2 of 3 Sioux tribes signed - Sitting Bull refuses

9. F ORT L ARAMIE T REATY

10. S ITTING B ULL

11. C USTER ’ S L AST S TAND (1876)
 Gold is found in S. Dakota on Sioux Land
 Whites flood land
 Sioux Attack
 7th Cavalry was wiped out at the Little Big
Horn River Gen.
George
Armstron
g
Custer
Chief Sitting Bull

12. D AWES A CT OF 1887
 “Americanization” of American Indians
 Broke up reservations, no more communal land
 160 Acres – head of household
 80 acres – unmarried adult
 All other land was sold to settlers – no $ from the sale was given
to the Native Americans
 1932 – 2/3 of Indian lands were gone

13. A MERICANIZATION OF N ATIVE A MERICANS

15. The Ghost Dance was created by a group of Native Americans to restore the old way of
life.
Army feared it.

16. Wounded Knee (1890)
300 starving Sioux were massacred by the military in response
to the Ghost Dance

18. FACTORS L EADING TO THE S ETTLEMENT OF W EST
1. Railroads
 Transcontinental Railroad – connected East with
West
 Union Pacific was built from the West
 Central Pacific was built from the East
Meet – Promontory, Utah
 Built by immigrants – Chinese & Irish

19. 2. Land Grants
 Homestead Act of 1862
160 Acres – not all good land – most failed
 “Exodusters” – African Americans who moved
west after the Civil War
 Oklahoma Land Rush 1889
Massive land giveaway in Indian Territory
(2M acres) … the Sooners
 West goes from 1% to 30% of nation’s population.

20. t

21. “E ND OF THE F RONTIER ”
F REDERICK J ACKSON T URNER – H ISTORIAN
“American social development has been
continually beginning over again on the frontier.
This perennial rebirth, this fluidity of American
life, this expansion westward with its new
opportunities, its continuous touch with the
simplicity of primitive society, furnish the forces
dominating American character.”
What will be the next frontier, the next challenge?

22. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
 John Deere - steel bladed plow 1837
http://www.museum.state.il.us/exhibits/agriculture/htmls/technology/horse-drawn/tech_horse-drawn_deere_plow.html

23.  Before the reaper there was the scythe – Hand-held, slow
 Clip 522

24. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
 Cyrus McCormick – reaper 1847 – Cuts grain
 Pulled by horse or other draft animal

25. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
 Different Reaper – Same effect - Clip 536

26. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
 Reaper and
Binder
 Clip 541 &
542

27. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
 Harrow (smoothes soil)– 1869

28. T HRESHER
 Clip 57
 Clip 62
 http://www.tillersinternational.org/farmi
ng/images/slideshow_threshing/Threshi
ng%202009/img_3417.jpg

29. T ECHNOLOGY & FARMING IN THE 1800 S
The end of the open range
brought an end to the cattle
drives as well
Joseph F. Glidden’s invention…
Barbed Wire 1874

31. e

32. FARMERS & THE P OPULIST
M OVEMENT

33. FARMERS U NITE TO A DDRESS P ROBLEMS
Late 1800 Economic Problems
 Falling prices
 Mortgaged farms / equipment  buying on credit
 Increase in bank foreclosures
 Increase in railroad shipping charges

34. E FFECTS OF R ETIRING THE G REENBACKS
 Greenbacks retired - $ left in circulation worth
more
 Farmers had to pay back loans w/ crop prices
down  less profit
 Farmers wanted more $ (silver) in circulation –
didn’t solve problems

35. T HE G RANGE 1867 (T HE PATRONS OF H USBANDRY )
 Oliver Hudson Kelly
 Social outlet for farmers
 Educational forum
 Fight Railroads (high pricing / legislation)
 Established coops (cooperatives)

36. FARMERS A LLIANCE
 Education of farmers (business & agriculture)
 Spellbinding speakers – Mary Lease
“Raise more hell and less corn”
 Southern Alliance – white farmers
 Colored Farmers’ National Alliance – African
American farmers

37. P EOPLE ’ S PARTY (1892) - P OPULISM
 Increase in $ supply  increasing prices
 Graduated income tax
 Federal loan program
 Popular vote of U.S. Senators
 Term limits – President / Vice President
 Secret Ballot
 8 hour work day
 Restrictions on immigration

38.  Appealed to farmers & laborers
 10% vote in elections for Governors, Senators,
Congressmen, Legislators
 Adopted by Democratic Party – strong in South

39. The
Populist
Party

40. E LECTION OF 1896
Republicans Democrats / Populists
Industrial East
South + West
Gold Standard
Bimetalism -
“Gold Bugs” “Silverites”
William McKinley William Jennings Bryan

41. C ROSS OF G OLD S PEECH
“You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this
crown of thorns. You shall not crucify mankind upon
a cross of gold.”

42. E LECTION OF 1896
Election Results
 McKinley wins
 Industrial Midwest feared inflation 
McKinley

43. E FFECTS OF P OPULISM
 “Little guy” can organize and be effective in
elections
 Begins reform movement that will move into 20th
Century

44. D ECLINE OF P OPULISM
 McKinley victory – Populism collapses
 Democratic Party took on their ideas
 Lack of support in cities – fear inflation
 Regional support only – South / West