1. Ang Kasunduan Tordesillas
Hinati ni Pope Alexander VI ang lupain ng mundo para sa Espanya at Portugal
noong 1493. Ang pag hahati ay ang nag didikta kung anu mga lupain lng ang maaring
tuklasin at angkinin ng bawat bansa. Ayon din sa Kasunduan lahat ng lupain na
pagmamay-ari ng isang bansa ay mananatili sa kanya kahit ito ay nasa kabilang parte.
Noong 1494 nag kasundo ang dalawang bansa na iurong ang hati dahil ang hati ito ay
paikot sa mundo at malelemitahan ang sakop ng Espanya sa Asya.
Ferdinand Magellan
Pinanganak noong 1480 sa Sabrosa, Portugal. Isa siyang Portugese na
manlalakbay. Dahil sa pamana ng kanyang pamilya nagi sayang Page ni Reyna Leonor ng
Portugal sa hukuman ng hari sa gulang na sampu. Noong Marso 1505 nakasama siya sa
pag lalayag ni Francisco de Almeida para makuha ang ruta ng pampalasa para sa
Portugal. Noong 1509 nag simula siyang makipag laban sa iba’t ibang gyera sa silangan.
Pero noong 1517 nag mungkahi si Magellan na mag layag sa spice island gamit ang ruta
sa dagat pasipiko at hindi siya nito pinayagan. Kaya noong Octobre 1517 nakipag
kontrata siya sa hari ng Espanya.
Ang Limang Barko ni Magellan
Trinidad na may bigat na 110 tonelada na may 55 katao sa pamumuno ni
Magellan. San Antonio na may bigat na 120 tonelada na may 60 katao sa pamumuno ni
Juan de Cartagena. Conception na may bigat 90 na tonelada na may 45 katao sa
pamumuno ni Gasparde Quesada. Santiago na may bigat na 75tonelada na may 32
katao sa pamumuno ni Juan Serrano. At Victoria de na may bigat na 85 na tonelada
na may 43 katao sa pamumuno ni Luis Mendoza.

2. Ang paglalayag
Noong ika 30 ng Marso 1520 sinubukan agawin ng 3 sa mga pinuno ng barko ang
pamumuno sa expedition, sila luis de Mendoza ng Victoria, Gasparde Quesada ng
Conception at Juan de Cartagena ng San Antonio. Bago nag patuloy papunta pasipiko
inutus niya na mag scout ang Santiago pero nag karoon ng bagyo at nasira ang Santiago
at naudlot ang pag lalayag nila. Noong ika 21 ng Octobre nahanap na nila ang dulo ng
Amerika at tinawag na Strait of Magellan. Pinauna niya ang conception at San Antonio sa
pag lalayag ngunit sa bago pamumuno ni Gomez sa San Antonio tumakas sila dahil sa
takot na lumayag sa pasipiko. Nakabalik ang san Antonio sa Espanya noong ika 20 ng
Nobyembre. Noong ika 28 ng Nobyembre nakadating ang tatlo barko sa timog pasipiko.
Tinawag niya ito Mar Pacifico( Pacific Ocean) dahil sa panatag ng dagat na ito.

3. From the Battle of Mactan to Conquests of Spaniards
Battle of Mactan
On 16 March 1521 Magellan sighted the mountains of what is now Samar while
on a mission to find a westward route to the Moluccas Islands for Spain. This event
marked the arrival of the first Europeans in the Archipelago. The following day,
Magellan ordered his men to anchor their ships on the shores of Homonhon
Island. There, he befriended Rajah Kulambu and Rajah Siagu the chieftain of Limasawa,
who guided him to Cebu. He, and his queen were baptized into the Catholic faith, taking
the Christian names Carlos, in honor of King Charles of Spain, and Juana, in honor of
King Charles' mother. To commemorate this event, Magellan gave Juana the Santo Niño,
an image of the infant Jesus, as a symbol of their new alliance. As a result of Magellan’s
influence with Rajah Humabon, an order had been issued to the nearby chiefs that each
of them were to provide food supplies for the ships, and convert to Christianity.
Most chiefs obeyed the order. However, Datu Lapu-Lapu, one of the two chiefs
within the island of Mactan, was the only chieftain to show his opposition. Lapu-Lapu
refused to accept the authority of Rajah Humabon in these matters. This opposition
proved to be influential when Antonio Pigafetta, Magellan’s voyage chronicler, writes,
On Friday, April twenty-six, Zula, the second chief of the island of Mactan, sent
one of his sons to present two goats to the captain-general, and to say that he would
send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him
because of the other chief Lapu-Lapu, who refused to obey the king of Spain.
Rajah Humabon and Datu Zula suggested that Magellan go to the island of Mactan and
force his subject chieftain Datu Lapu-Lapu to comply with his orders.[1] Magellan saw an
opportunity to strengthen the existing friendship ties with the ruler of the Visaya region
and agreed to help him subdue the rebellious Lapu-Lapu.

4. VILLABOS EXPEDITION
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos was commissioned in 1541 by the Viceroy of New
Spain, Antonio de Mendoza, who was the first colonial administrator in the New World,
to send an expedition to the Islas del Poniente, meaning Island of the West, now known
as the Philippines. His fleet of six galleon ships, the Santiago, Jorge, San Antonio, San
Cristóbal, San Martín, and San Juan, left Barra de Navidad, Jalisco, Mexico with 370 to
400 men on November 1, 1542. On December 25, the fleet headed towards Revilla
Gigedo Islandsoff the west coast of Mexico.
Between January 6 to 23, 1543, the galleon San Cristóbal piloted by Gines de
Mafra, who was a member of the crew of the Magellan expedition in 1519-1522, was
separated from the fleet during a severe storm. This ship eventually reached the island
of Mazaua, a place where Magellan anchored in 1521. This was the second visit of de
Mafra to the Philippines, which is identified today as Limasawa in the southern island of
Leyte. The story of Limasawa was written in 1667 by a Jesuit priest, Friar Francisco
Combés. His documents on"Limasawa" has been translated by historians.
On February 29, 1543, they entered Baganga Bay, which they named Malaga on
the eastern coast of Mindanao. López de Villalobos named Mindanao "Caesarea Karoli"
after the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V of Spain. The fleet stayed there for 32 days;
the entire crew suffered extreme hunger. He ordered his men to plant corn but it failed.
On March 31, 1543, the fleet left in search of Mazaua for food. Because of low-winds
they could not sail on. After several days of struggle, they reached Sarangani.
The galleon San Cristóbal, which had been driven ashore on Limasawa Island 2 months
before, appeared unexpectedly with a load of rice and other foodstuffs for the
commander. On August 4, 1543, the San Juan, and San Cristóbal were sent back to Leyte
and Samar for more food, with the San Juan to stock up for the Pacific crossing and to
proceed to Mexico. A Portuguese contingent arrived on August 7, and delivered a letter
from Jorge de Castro, governor of the Moluccas, demanding an explanation for the
presence of the fleet in Portuguese territory. López de Villalobos responded, in a letter
dated August 9, that they were not trespassing, and were within the Demarcation Line
of the Crown of Castile.
The San Juan left for Mexico on August 27, 1543, with Bernardo de la Torre as
captain. Another letter from Castro arrived in the first week of September with the
same protest, and López de Villalobos wrote a reply dated September 12, 1543, with the
same message as his first. He departed to Abuyog, Leyte with his remaining ships,
the San Juan, and the San Cristóbal. The fleet could not make headway because of
unfavorable winds. In April 1544, he sailed for Island of Amboyna. He, and his crew

5. members then made their way to the islands of Samar, and Leyte, which he named Las
Islas Filipinas (The Philippine Islands) in honour of the Prince of Spain, Philip II. Driven
away by hostile natives, hunger, and a shipwreck, López de Villalobos was forced to
abandon his settlements in the islands, and the expedition. He, and his crew members
sought refuge in the Moluccas, where they quarrelled with the Portuguese, who
imprisoned them.
Ruy Lopez de Villalobos died on April 4, 1544, in his prison cell on the island
of Amboyna, of a tropical fever, or as the Portuguese said "of a broken heart". Some 117
remaining crew members survived, among them were de Mafra, and Guido de
Lavezaris. De Mafra produced one manuscript on the Magellan circumnavigation, and
had this delivered to Spain by a friend on board. They sailed for Malacca, where the
Portuguese put them on a ship bound for Lisbon. Thirty elected to remain, including de
Mafra. His manuscript remained unrecognized for many centuries. It was discovered in
the 20th century, and published in 1920.